The future of renal health: Biotechnological innovations and sustainable solutions

Abstract

End-stage chronic kidney disease affects millions of patients worldwide and places a significant burden on both healthcare systems and the environment. Traditional hemodialysis is associated with high consumption of water, energy, and the generation of waste. In contrast, modern biotechnological solutions—including portable and implantable bioartificial kidneys as well as 3D bioprinting of renal tissues—offer a novel approach for renal replacement therapy. These technologies have the potential to significantly improve patients’ quality of life while reducing the environmental impact of treatment. This systematic review analyzes data from clinical trials and experimental models, evaluating the functionality, resource efficiency, and ecological benefits of the biomaterials used. The findings indicate that portable systems provide stable filtration with minimal resource expenditure, implantable devices demonstrate sustained renal function without frequent interventions, and 3D bioprinting facilitates the creation of microarchitectural tissues with optimal cellular integration. Collectively, these innovations may transform nephrological practice by delivering more effective treatment with a lower environmental footprint.