Ongoing COVID-19 syndrome and post-COVID-19 syndrome: Long-term symptoms and residual changes after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Kosta V. Kostov

doi:10.14748/bmr.v31.7711

Ongoing COVID-19 syndrome and post-COVID-19 syndrome: Long-term symptoms and residual changes after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Kosta V. Kostov

Abstract

Recently, in the time SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there is increasing interest among the medical community in post-COVID-19 residual symptoms including structural and functional changes in different organs and systems. The symptom characteristic and parameters of these changes in the period after illness are in the process of registration and complete clarification, and the first results were published. It becomes clear that symptoms of COVID-19 (over 30 in number) even among those with a “mild form” of the disease remain for a long time after the acute phase in a large number of patients. More data are needed on the somatic, mental and emotional characteristics of patients who have undergone COVID-19, the so-called „prolonged COVID-19 syndrome“, despite the lack of a generally accepted definition.. Knowledge of its clinical characteristic will help physicians to recognize its manifestations, and the healthcare system to prepare for its prevention and treatment.

Keywords

CoV-2, ongoing COVID-19 syndrome, post-COVID-19 syndrome

Full Text

References

Goërtz YMJ, Van Herck M, Delbressine JM, Vaes AW, Meys R, Machado FVC, et al. Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome? ERJ Open Res 2020; 00542-02020.[DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00542-2020]

Li L-Q, Huang T, Wang Y-q, Wang Z-p, Liang Y, Huang T-b, et al. COVID-19 patients’ clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2020; 92(6): 577-583. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25757]

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382(18): 1708-1720. [DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032]

Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius R, Norman L, et al. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. Br Med J 2020; 369: m1985. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1985]

Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Place S, Van Laethem Y, Cabaraux P, Mat Q, et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Intern Med 2020; 288(3): 335-344. [DOI: 10.1111/joim.13089]

Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, Group ftGAC-P-ACS. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. J Am Med Assoc 2020; 324(6): 603-605. [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.12603]

Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A’Court C, Buxton M, Husain L. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care. Br Med J 2020; 370: m3026. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj. m3026]

Carvalho-Schneider C, Laurent E, Lemaignen A, Beaufils E, Bourbao-Tournois C, Laribi S, et al. Follow-up of adults with noncritical COVID-19 two months after symptom onset. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.052]

NICE. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. In: NICE guideline. London, UK; 2020. p. 1-35.

Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ, Billig Rose E, Shapiro NI, Files DC, et al. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network - United States, March-June 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69(30): 993-998. [DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1]

Halpin SJ, McIvor C, Whyatt G, Adams A, Harvey O, McLean L, et al. Postdischarge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional evaluation. J Med Virol 2020: 1-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26368]

Rajpal S, Tong MS, Borchers J, Zareba KM, Obarski TP, Simonetti OP, et al. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Findings in Competitive Athletes Recovering From COVID-19 Infection. J Am Med Assoc Cardiology 2020:1-3. [DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.4916]

Zubair AS, McAlpine LS, Gardin T, Farhadian S, Kuruvilla DE, Spudich S. Neuropathogenesis and Neurologic Manifestations of the Coronaviruses in the Age of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review. J Am Med Assoc Neurology 2020; 77(8): 1018-1027. [DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2065]

Galea S, Merchant RM, Lurie N. The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180(6): 817-818. [DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562]

Hampshire A, Trender W, Chamberlain SR, Jolly A, Grant JE, Patrick F, et al. Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from COVID-19 relative to controls: An N=84,285 online study. medRxiv 2020. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.20.20215863]

Cai X, Hu X, Ekumi IO, Wang J, An Y, Li Z, et al. Psychological Distress and Its Correlates Among COVID-19 Survivors During Early Convalescence Across Age Groups. Am J Geriatr Psychiatr 2020; 28(10): 1030-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.003]

Zhao YM, Shang YM, Song WB, Li QQ, Xie H, Xu QF, et al. Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery. Clin Med 2020; 25: 100463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100463]

Huang Y, Tan C, Wu J, Chen M, Wang Z, Luo L, et al. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on pulmonary function in early convalescence phase. Respir Res 2020; 21(1): 163.[DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01429-6]

Wong AW, Shah AS, Johnston JC, Carlsten C, Ryerson CJ. Patient-reported outcome measures after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J 2020: 2003276.[DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03276-2020]

NIH. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. In: NIH Guidelines, 2020. p. 1-251.

Berlit P. S1-Leitlinie: Neurologische Manifestationen bei COVID-19. DGNeurologie 2020; 3(6): 495-519. [DOI: 10.1007/s42451-020-00254-x]

Abrams JY, Godfred-Cato SE, Oster ME, Chow EJ, Koumans EH, Bryant B, et al. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr 2020; 226: 45-54 [DOI: 10.1016/j. jpeds.2020.08.003]

Morris SB, Schwartz NG, Patel P, Abbo L, Beauchamps L, Balan S, et al. Case Series of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection - United Kingdom and United States, March-August 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69(40): 1450-1456. [DOI: 10.15585/mmwr. mm6940e1]

Kluge S. et al. S2k-Leitlinie - Empfehlungen zur stationären Therapie von Patienten mit COVID-19. AWMF 2020; Register-Nr. 113/001: 1-52.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/bmr.v31.7711