Introduction: Over 60% of all the genes that code proteins are regulated by miRNA. One miRNA has an average of 200 targets. Disturbed regulation of specific micro-RNAs leads to the development of different diseases in humans: metabolic, cardiovascular, liver, neurodegenerative, immune-mediated diseases, immune dysfunctions, as well as appearance of neoplasms.
Aim: The aim of the following article is to conduct a review of micro-RNA expression and its regulatory role over inflammatory processes in central nervous system, in the course of some infectious diseases, in degenerative injuries of the musculoskeletal system and in some immune-mediated diseases.
Materials and Methods: For the period 2002 - July 2020 in the accessible science databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Access Medicine, PubMed) the following keywords in English were used: micro-RNA-155, biomarkers, inflammation, central nervous system, musculoskeletal diseases, immune-mediated diseases, human nucleic acids (DNA and microRNA).
Results: MiR-155 is the main pro-inflammatory mediator in CNS whose expression is induced in macrophages and microglia in response to NF-B dependent TNF signaling pathway. Targets of miR-155 include pro-inflammatory regulators such as suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), Src homology-2-domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1), C/EBP- and IL13R 1. Therefore, miR-155 contributes to induction of neural inflammation. MiR-155 causes inflammation of microglia by a secondary route.
Conclusion: Studying the expression of the specified micro-RNA reveals new opportunities for its use as a biomarker for inflammation, means for monitoring the effectiveness of the therapeutic process and maybe in the near future – will serve as a target for the development of contemporary individual anti-inflammatory therapy for a number of diseases.
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