Introduction: Sleep bruxism (SB) presents as repetitive bracing or thrusting movements of the mandible, encompassing teeth clenching or grinding, which affects oral health. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder during which total or partial airway obstructions appear during sleep, leading to arousals in response to respiratory effort. In the highly prevalent nowadays obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients suffer from repeated airway collapses. This can cause various disorders: daytime sleepiness and drowsiness, cognitive disorders, problems with the cardiovascular and metabolic systems.
Aim: The present study aims to investigate the influence of SB and OSAS on dental health.
Materials and Methods: For the period January 2020–March 2021, in the available databases (PubMed, BioMedCentral, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science), a systematic analysis of scientific publications has been conducted examining the influence of SB and OSAS on dental health.
Results: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a clinical risk factor for SB. It can lead to tooth attrition and abrasion, fractures, hypersensitivity, periodontal diseases, dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint or muscles of mastication (including hypertrophy), headaches and poor quality of sleep. Malocclusions are connected to SB. Authors report that symptoms of apnea and clenching are more frequent in OSAS patients.
Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and SB lead to dental health problems, which are encountered in the dental office.
Abe S, Yamaguchi T, Rompr PH, et al. Tooth wear in young subjects: a discriminator between sleep bruxers and controls? Int J Prosthod 2009;22: 342-50.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders e third edition (ICSD-3) (Online). 2014
American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005). International classification of sleep disorders, 2nd ed.: Diagnostic and codingmanual. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Beddis H, Pemberton M, Davies S. Sleep bruxism: an overview for clinicians. Br Dent J 2018;225:497e501.
Camara-Souza MB, de Figueredo OMC, Rodrigues Garcia RCM. Association of sleep bruxism with oral health-related quality of life and sleep quality. Clin Oral Investig 2019;23:245e51.
Carlsson, G. E., Egermark, I., & Magnusson, T. (2002). Predictors of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders: A 20- year follow-up study from childhood to adulthood. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 60, 180–185.
Carra MC, Huynh N, Lavigne G. Sleep bruxism: a comprehensive overview for the dental clinician interested in sleep medicine. Dent Clin 2012;56(2): 387-413
Clark, G.T.; Sohn, J.-W.; Hong, C.N. TREATING OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND SNORING: ASSESSMENT OF an anterior mandibular positioning device. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2000, 131, 765–771.
Clark GT, Arand D, Chung E, Tong D. Effect of anterior mandibular positioning on obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Mar;147(3):624-9. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/147.3.624. PMID: 8442597De Luca Canto G, Singh V, Gozal D, et al. Sleep bruxism and sleep-disordered breathing: a systematic review. J Oral Facial Headache 2014;28(4):299e305.
Dieltjens, M.; Vanderveken, O.M. Oral Appliances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Healthcare 2019, 7, 141. 6. Ng, J.H.; Yow, M. Oral Appliances in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep Med. Clin. 2019, 14, 109–118.
da Costa Lopes AJ, Cunha TCA, Monteiro MCM, et al. Is there an association between sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome? A systematic review. Sleep & breathing ¼ Schlaf & Atmung 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11325-019-01919-y.
De Meyer, M. D., & de Boever, J. A. (1997). The role of bruxism in the appearance of temporomandibular joint disorders. Revue Belge de Medecine Dentaire, 52, 124–138.
Feu, D., Catharino, F., Quintão, C. C., & Almeida, M. A. (2013). A systematic review of etiological and risk factors associated with bruxism. Journal of Orthodontics, 40(2), 163–171.
Gagnadoux, F.; Fleury, B.; Vielle, B.; Pételle, B.; Meslier, N.; N’Guyen, X.L.; Trzepizur, W.; Racineux, J.L. Titrated mandibular advancement versus positive airway pressure for sleep apnoea. Eur. Respir. J. 2009, 34, 914–920.
Hosoya H, Kitaura H, Hashimoto T, et al. Relationship between sleep bruxism and sleep respiratory events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2014;18(4):837e44.].
Jokubauskas, L.; Baltrušaityt ˙ e, A. Relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and sleep bruxism: A systematic review. J. Oral Rehabil. 2017, 44, 144–153.
Kim ST, Choi JH, Jeon HG, Cha HE, Kim DY, Chung YS (2004) Polysomnographic effects of nasal surgery for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Acta Otolaryngol 124(3):297–300
Landry, M.-L.; Rompré, P.H.; Manzini, C.; Guitard, F.; De Grandmont, P.; Lavigne, G.J. Reduction of sleep bruxism using a mandibular advancement device: An experimental controlled study. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2006, 19, 549–556.
Landry-Schönbeck, A.; De Grandmont, P.; Rompré, P.H.; Lavigne, G.J. Effect of an adjustable mandibular advancement appliance on sleep bruxism: Acrossover sleep laboratory study. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2009, 22, 251–259
Laurynas Jokubauskas; Aušra Baltrušaitytė Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and sleep bruxism: a systematic review
Lavigne GJ, Kato T, Kolta A, et al. Neurobiological mechanisms involved in sleep bruxism. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med e Off Publ Am Assoc Oral Biol 2003;14(1):30-46.
Lavigne GJ, Khoury S, Abe S, et al. Bruxism physiology and pathology: an overview for clinicians. J Oral Rehabil 2008;35(7):476-94.
Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil 2018;45(11):837-44.
Lopes, A.J.D.C.; Cunha, T.C.A.; Monteiro, M.C.M.; Serra-Negra, J.M.; Cabral, L.C.; Júnior, P.C.S. Is there an association between sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome? A systematic review. Sleep Breath. 2019, 24, 913–921.
Machado, E., Dal-Fabbro, C., Cunali, P. A., & Kaizer, O. B. (2014). Prevalence of sleep bruxism in children: A systematic review. Journal of Orthodontics, 19(6), 54–61.
Maluly M., C. Dal Fabbro, M.L. Andersen, A. Herrero Babiloni, G.J. Lavigne, S. Tufik. Sleep bruxism and its associations with insomnia and OSA in the general population of Sao Paulo, Sleep Medicine, Volume 75, 2020, Pages 141-148.
Manfredini D, Serra-Negra J, Carboncini F, et al. Current concepts of bruxism. Int J Prosthodont (IJP) 2017;30(5):437e8.
Manfredini D, Lombardo L, Visentin A, et al. Correlation between sleep-time masseter muscle activity and tooth wear: an electromyographic study. J Oral Facial Headache 2019;33(2):199-204.
Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Aarab G, et al. Towards a Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB)-Overview and general remarks of a multidimensional bruxism evaluation system. J Oral Rehabil 2020;47(5):549-56.
Mayer P, Heinzer R, Lavigne G. Sleep bruxism in respiratory medicine practice. Chest 2016;149(1):262-71.
Martynowicz, H.; Ga´c, P.; Brzecka, A.; Por˛eba, R.;Wojakowska, A.; Mazur, G.; Smardz, J.;Wieckiewicz, M. The Relationship between Sleep Bruxism and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Based on Polysomnographic Findings. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1653. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Milkov M, Kostadinov Y, Peev S, Kostadinova T, Toncheva S, Marinov G, Stoykov M., Petrova D., Bliznakova M. Impact of aquatic sports on the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring and other breathing disorders.. Varna Medical Forum. 2020;9(1):63–8.
Milkov M. Transoral Robotic Surgery for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2019;15(4):46–52.
Milkov M. Trans-oral robotic surgery for obstructive sleep apnea-selection of patients. International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2019;15(4):38–45.
Milkov M. Positional obstructive sleep apnea as a new interdisciplinary challenge. International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2019;15(2):16–20.
Milkov, M. "Vestibular and hearing disorders in obstructive sleep apnea patients." Journal of the Union of Scientists-Varna. Medicine and Ecology Series 23, no. 1 (2018): 45-50.
Milkov M, Matev L, Nedev P, Tonchev Z. Internationalization of Research Devoted to the Contemporary Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Austin J Sleep Disord. 2014;1(1):5–5
Milkov M. Internationalization of pediatric sleep apnea research. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. 2012;76(2):219–26.
Ohayon MM, Li KK, Guilleminault C. Risk factors for sleep bruxism in the general population. Chest 2001;119(1):53-61
Okubo M, Suzuki M, Horiuchi A, Okabe S, Ikeda K, Higano S, Mitani H, Hida W, Kobayashi T, Sugawara J (2006) Morphologic analyses of mandible and upper airway soft tissue by MRI of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Sleep 29(7):909–915
Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, et al. Increased prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol 2013;177(9):1006-14.
Purani H, Friedrichsen S, Allen AM. Sleep quality in cigarette smokers: associations with smoking-related outcomes and exercise. Addict Behav 2019;90:71e6.
Randerath, W.J.; Heise, M.; Hinz, R.; Ruehle, K.-H. An individually adjustable oral appliance vs continuous positive airway pressure in mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 2002, 122, 569–575.
Raphael KG, Janal MN, Sirois DA, et al. Validity of self-reported sleep bruxism among myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients and controls. J Oral Rehabil 2015;42(10):751-8
Raphael KG, Sirois DA, Janal MN, et al. Sleep bruxism and myofascial temporomandibular disorders: a laboratory-based polysomnographic investigation. J Am Dent Assoc 2012;143(11):1223e31.
Rintakoski K, Ahlberg J, Hublin C, et al. Tobacco use and reported bruxism inyoung adults: a nationwide Finnish Twin Cohort Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2010;12:679e83.
Rompre PH, Daigle-Landry D, Guitard F, et al. Identification of a sleep bruxism subgroup with a higher risk of pain. J Dent Res 2007;86(9):837-42.
Saito, M.; Yamaguchi, T.; Mikami, S.; Watanabe, K.; Gotouda, A.; Okada, K.; Hishikawa, R.; Shibuya, E.; Lavigne, G. Temporal association between sleep apnea-hypopnea and sleep bruxism events. J. Sleep Res. 2013.
Sari S, Sonmez H (2001) The relationship between occlusal factors and bruxism in permanent and mixed dentition in Turkish children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 25(3):191–194.
Simmons JH. Neurology of sleep and sleep-related breathing disorders and their relationships to sleep bruxism. J Calif Dent Assoc 2012;40(2):159-67.
Sjöholm, T.; Lowe, A.; Miyamoto, K.; Fleetham, J.; Ryan, C. Sleep bruxism in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Arch. Oral Biol. 2000, 45, 889–896.
Smardz J, Martynowicz H, Wojakowska A, et al. The meaning of the masticatory muscle tonic-type electromyographic pathway correlated with sleep bruxism and sleep-related breathing disorders - a polysomnographic study. Sleep Med 2019;68:131-7.
Stoykov, M., Milkov, M. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on posture and balance of the human body – a literature review, 4TH INTERNATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCES AND INNOVATION CONGRESS Proceedings book, Bacu, Azerbaijan, 4-5.07.2021, ISBN: 978-1-955094-10-8, 278-295.
Suzuki Y, Rompre P, Mayer P, et al. Changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide in the genesis of sleep bruxism: a mechanism study. J Prosthodont Res 2020;64(1):43-7.
Svensson P, Lavigne G. Clinical bruxism semantics beyond academic debates: Normo- and patho-bruxism as a new proposal. J Oral Rehabil 2020;47(5): 547-8.
Tan MWY, Yap AU, Chua AP, et al. Prevalence of sleep bruxism and its association with obstructive sleep apnea in adult patients: a retrospective polysomnographic investigation. J Oral Facial Headache 2019;33(3):269-77.
Tan, M.W.Y.; Yap, A.U.-J.; Chua, A.P.;Wong, J.C.M.; Parot, M.V.J.; Tan, K.B.C. Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Its Association with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adult Patients: A Retrospective Polysomnographic Investigation. J. Oral Facial Pain Headache 2019, 33, 269–277.
Toraldo, D.; Passali, D.; Sanna, A.; De Nuccio, F.; Conte, L.; De Benedetto, M. Cost-effectiveness strategies in OSAS management: A short review. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. 2017, 37, 447–453.]
Tufik S, Santos-Silva R, Taddei JA, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the Sao Paulo epidemiologic sleep study. Sleep Med 2010;11(5):441-6.
Udwadia ZF, Doshi AV, Lonkar SG, Singh CI (2004) Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep apnea in middle-aged urban Indian men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169(2):168–173
Walters, A.S.; Lavigne, G.; Hening,W.; Picchietti, D.L.; Allen, R.P.; Chokroverty, S.; Kushida, C.A.; Bliwise, D.L.; Mahowald, M.W.; Schenck, C.H.; et al. The Scoring of Movements in Sleep. J. Clin. Sleep Med. 2007, 3, 155–167.
Wetselaar P, Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, et al. Associations between tooth wear and dental sleep disorders: a narrative overview. J Oral Rehabil 2019;46(8): 765-75.
Wieczorek T, Wieckiewicz M, Smardz J, et al. Sleep structure in sleep bruxism: a polysomnographic study including bruxism activity phenotypes across sleep stages. J Sleep Res 2020:-13028.
Yachida W, Arima T, Castrillon EE, et al. Diagnostic validity of self-reported measures of sleep bruxism using an ambulatory single-channel EMG device. J Prosthodont Res 2016;60(4):250-7.
Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993;328(17):1230-5.
