Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a socially significant problem and are the
leading cause of death worldwide. A number of studies prove that lifestyle changes related to weight
reduction, active physical activity, control of arterial hypertension can delay and possibly prevent the
development of CVD.
Objective: To investigate the presence of risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Material and methods: Analysis of literary sources, documentary and survey method (direct
individual anonymous survey) are applied. The opinion of 54 patients treated at "Sveta Marina" UMBAL
EAD - Varna - Department of Invasive Cardiology and Department of Non-Invasive Cardiology at the
Second Clinic of Cardiology was studied. The research was conducted in the period April - May 2022.
Graphical analysis was applied to visualize the observed processes and phenomena. The Microsoft Office
Excel software package was used to create the graphs.
Results and discussion: The results of the study prove the presence of family burden in the
majority of patients. A significant part of the respondents answered that they do not follow a dietary
regime with restriction of cooking salt and do not consume fruits and vegetables daily. The majority of
respondents indicate that they do not have daily physical activity. Two-thirds of the study participants
had been under stress in the past year and the same number were smokers.
Conclusion: The study of the presence of risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases is
an important prerequisite for active work in the direction of overcoming them. Nurses can significantly
contribute in this direction, through prophylactic activities for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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