Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of mortality and disability in Bulgaria and worldwide. Lipid metabolism disorders have a major impact on their development and this leads to vascular atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemias are any disorder in the levels and/or the function of plasma lipoproteins. These represent a family of disturbances in the lipoprotein metabolism and are different in form and etiology. Their rate of occurrence is high in the general population and in patients with CVDs. The modern understanding of the development of dyslipidemias is overviewed. It takes into account not only the levels of the lipoproteins but also their number, form, size, as well as other indices of the lipid metabolism. The current guidelines on dyslipidemia management are discussed. They include complex measures for lifestyle and diet changes, as well as application of different classes of medications. The major targets for treatment are pointed out. The pivotal role of statins in plasma lipid reduction is stressed on. Other classes of medications are also mentioned, as well as up-to-date experimental methods for affecting dyslipidemias.
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