Vascular inflammation plays an important pathophysiological role in the evolution of atherosclerosis and its complications. Measurement of vascular inflammation using validated biomarkers enables assessment of residual cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease. One of the most studied inflammatory biomarkers in this group of patients is the high-sensitivity c-reactive protein. The aim of this article is to provide a concise overview on the existing evidence concerning the predictive value of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein as a marker for assessing basal levels of vascular inflammation in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Feb 22;145(8):e153-e639. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001052.
Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-García U, Larrea-Sebal A, Olaetxea JR, Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 20;23(6):3346. doi: 10.3390/ijms23063346. PMID: 35328769; PMCID: PMC8954705.
Libby, Peter, et al. “Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 2 Vol Set.” A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2021
Paul M Ridker and others, Has the time finally come to measure hsCRP universally in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention?, European Heart Journal, Volume 39, Issue 46, 07 December 2018, Pages 4109–4111, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy723
Kalkman DN, Aquino M, Claessen BE, Baber U, Guedeney P, Sorrentino S, Vogel B, de Winter RJ, Sweeny J, Kovacic JC, Shah S, Vijay P, Barman N, Kini A, Sharma S, Dangas GD, Mehran R. Residual inflammatory risk and the impact on clinical outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions. Eur Heart J. 2018 Dec 7;39(46):4101-4108. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy633. PMID: 30358832.
Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, Jablonski KA, Rice MM, Warnica JW, Domanski MJ, Hsia J, Gersh BJ, Rifai N, Ridker PM, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E; PEACE Investigators. Prognostic significance of the Centers for Disease Control/American Heart Association high-sensitivity C-reactive protein cut points for cardiovascular and other outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2007 Mar 27;115(12):1528-36. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.649939. Epub 2007 Mar 19. PMID: 17372173.
Arima H, Kubo M, Yonemoto K, Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Tanizaki Y, Hata J, Matsumura K, Iida M, Kiyohara Y. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in a general population of Japanese: the Hisayama study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Jul;28(7):1385-91. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.157164. Epub 2008 Apr 10. PMID: 18403728.
Myers, Gary L., et al. “CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease.” Circulation, vol. 110, no. 25, Dec. 2004, https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000148980.87579.5e.
Ridker PM, Paynter NP, Rifai N, et al. C‐reactive protein and parental history improve global cardiovascular risk prediction: the Reynolds Risk Score for men. Circulation. 2008;118:2243–2251
Ridker PM, Buring JE, Rifai N, Cook NR. Development and validation of improved algorithms for the assessment of global cardiovascular risk in women: the Reynolds Risk Score. JAMA. 2007;297:611–619.