INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common histological type of primary liver cancer. Its occurrence is associated with many risk factors - chronic viral hepatitis C and/or B, hepatic cirrhosis with viral and/or non-viral etiology. AIM: The presented retrospective study aims to identify and analyze the risk factors leading to the development of HCC. To assess the role of NASH, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and dietary habits in the pathogenesis of HCC by tracking susceptible populations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this purpose, 222 patients with HCC were traced. The diagnosis is based on the performed laboratory, imaging and histological examinations. RESULTS: In our cohort, patients with underlying liver cirrhosis were 77% (63% decompensated), followed by chronic viral hepatitis B and / or C65%. In case of chronical hepatitis, viral replication was investigated - 75% have HBV DNA> 2,000 IU/ ml, 85%> HCV RNA> 300,000 IU / ml. The share of other established liver diseases - Wilson‘s disease - 1%; hemochromatosis - 0.4%; autoimmune hepatitis - 0.4%. The distribution to additional factors is diabetes mellitus 40%; metabolic syndrome 17%, NASH - 9%. With alcohol abuse - 63% of those surveyed, and smokers are 13%. CONCLUSION: Knowing the risk factors will allow for the development of aqurate screening programs, which will increase an early diagnosis of HCCs and thus improve the prognosis for patients.
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