Nutrition, mucosal immune system, intestinal microbiome, and immune-mediated diseases are intertwined and interact with each other. This review examines the connections between obesity, salt consumption, gluten, low-calorie diets, polyunsaturated fatty acids, olive oil, polyphenols, antioxidants, vitamin D, probiotics, and the immune system, and their role as a trigger or protective factor in the inflammatory cascade. Some practical aspects of the diet for autoimmune diseases are also presented as part of the personalised approach.
Agranoff BW, Goldberg D. Diet and the geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 1974;2(7888):1061–6.
Aho K, Heliovaara M. Risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Med. 2004;36(4):242–51.
Andersen V et al. Diet and risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2012;44(3):185–94.
Cantarel BL, et al.: Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis. J Investig Med 2015; 63: 729–734.
Cantorna MT et al.Vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D Regulation of T cells. Nutrients. 2015 Apr; 7(4): 3011–3021. Published online 2015 Apr 22. doi: [10.3390/nu7043011
Cashman KD, Shanahan F. Is nutrition an aetiological factor for inflammatory bowel disease? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;15(6):607–13.
Cotsapas C, Hafler DA. Immune-mediated disease genetics: the shared basis of pathogenesis. Trends Immunol. 2013;34(1):22–6
de Oliveira GLV, Leite AZ, Higuchi BS, Gonzaga MI, Mariano VS. Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases. Immunology 2017
Durchschein F, Petritsch W, Hammer HF. Diet therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases: The established and the new. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(7): 2179-2194
Esplugues E, et al. Control of TH17 cells occurs in the small intestine. Nature. 2011; 475(7357): 514–518. [PubMed: 21765430] Study on intestinal control of Th17 responses.
Falony G., Vandeputte D.,Caenepeel C, et al.The human microbiome in health and disease: hype or hope, .(2019)Acta Clinica Belgica, 74:2, 53-64, DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2019.1583782
Gao L. et al. “ Novel n-3 Fatty Acid Oxydetion Products Activate Nrf2 by Destabilizing The Association Between Keap1 and Cullin 3”Journal of Biological Chemistry 282,№4( January26, 2007: 2529-37
Gionchettia Р. et al. Annals of Gastroenterology (2012) 25, 100-105
Go WY, et al. NFAT5/Ton EBP mutant mice define osmotic stress as a critical feature of the lymphoid microenvironment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101(29):10673–10678.;
Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006;444(7121):860–7.
Imperatore N et al. Gluten-free diet does not influence the occurrence and the Th1/Th17-Th2 nature of immune-mediated diseases in patients with coeliac disease. Digestive & liver disease,2016
Kino T, et al. Brx mediates the response of lymphocytes to osmotic stress through the activation of NFAT5. Sci Signal. 2009; 2(57):ra5.;
Kiss et al. Natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands control organogenesis of intestinal lymphoid follicles. Science 2011; 334: 1561-1565.
Manzel А., Muller D. N. et al. Role of “Western Diet” in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases.Curr Allergy Asthma Rep (2014) 14:404
Norris JM et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. JAMA. 2007;298(12):1420–8.
Perlmutter D., MD Grain Brain,2015
Procaccini C et al. Obesity and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2011;7(3):287–94.
Sanchez-Fidalgo S, et al. Dietary extra virgin olive oil polyphenols supplementation modulates DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2013; 24(7):1401–1413.
Sanna V, et al. Leptin surge precedes onset of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and correlates with development of pathogenic T cell responses. J Clin Invest. 2003; 111(2):241–250.
Toussirot Е, еt al. Could Sodium Chloride be an Environmental Trigger for Immune-Mediated Diseases? An Overview of the Experimental and Clinical Evidence,2018
Unoda K, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2013; 256(1–2): 7–12.
Woehrle T, et al. Hypertonic stress regulates T cell function via pannexin-1 hemichannels and P2X receptors. J Leukoc Biol. 2010; 88(6):1181–1189.
