Sodium hypochlorite has a strong antibacterial effect and the ability to dissolve organic substances. It cannot remove the smear layer formed on the walls of the canal after mechanical preparation. The main disadvantages of this irrigant are its cytotoxicity, unpleasant smell and taste, and the ability to cause corrosion on metallic objects. The free chlorine in NaOCl dissolves the necrotic tissue by digesting the proteins in amino acids.
It is available in gel, liquid, and surfactant modified form.
The applicable concentrations range from 0.5% to 5.25%. Reducing the concentration of the solution lowers the level of its toxicity, antibacterial effect and ability to dissolve tissues. Increasing its volume or temperature increases its effectiveness.
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