Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases in humans. According to the literature its frequency reaches 30% in children and 40% in adults. In the last two decades, allergies in children have drastically increased.
Aim: The purpose of our study is to establish the effect of nasopharyngeal obstruction of allergic origin in the development of the dental arches and occlusion in children with primary and mixed dentition.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1667 children from Varna aged between 3 and 12 years were examined. All children were examined by the same orthodontist, while children presenting with mouth breathing were diagnosed and examined by an otolaryngologist. The results of the orthodontic examination of each child were assessed according to 19 indicators, outlined in specially developed tables.
Results: In primary dentition 63% are with Class I relationship, while in mixed dentition the precentage of the children with Class II relationship is increased—55% and with mesial occlusion—7%. In vertical dimension in mixed dentition, there are cases of open bite of more than 3 mm and cases of deep bite that are not present in primary dentition.
Conclusion: Allergic rhinitis in children with primary and mixed dentition leads to reduction in the size of the jaws, in the sagittal and transverse planes, crossbite in the posterior segment, distal occlusion and overjet. Nasal obstruction of allergic origin creates a greater risk of development of open bite and to a lesser extent, development of deep bite.
Ринологични аспекти за диагностика и лечение на алергичния ринит; 2009. Available from: http://orl.bg/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Allergic_rhinitis_final12550.pdf
Abreu RR, Rocha RL, Lamounier JA, Guerra AF, Etiology, clinical manifestations and concurrent findings in mouth-breathing children, J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008 Nov-Dec;84(6):529-35
Brito D, Dias P, Gleiser R. Prevalence of malocclusion in choldren aged 9 to 12 years old in the city of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, R Dental Press Orthodon Ortop Facial, 2009; 14; 6: 118-24
Harvold EP, Tomer BS, Vargervik K, Chierici G, Primate experiments on oral respiration. Am J Orthod. 1981 Apr; 79(4):359–72
Rubin RM. Mode of respiration and facial growth. Am J Orthod. 1980 Nov;78(5):504-10
Sheng C, Lin L, Su Y, Tsai H. Developmental Changes in Pharyngeal Depth and Hyoid Bone Position from Childhood to Young Adulthood. Angle Orthod. 2009;79(3):484-490
Tourné LPM. Growth of the pharynx and its physiologic implications. Am J Dentofacial Orthop 1991; 99(2): 129-39
Wolford LM, Hilliard FW. The surgical-orthodontic correction of vertical dentofacial deformities. J Oral Surg. 1981 Nov;39(11):883-97
