Introduction: The planning and treatment of patients with total edentulism requires precise analysis of the prosthetic field and assessment of the complex volumetric structure of the human skull. An advantage of diagnosing the prosthetic field using CBCT is the possibility of examining the relevant area in the three planes—sagittal, frontal, and horizontal.
Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze and develop a methodology for measuring the average dimensions of edentulous upper and lower jaws for the purposes of prosthetic rehabilitation, using 3D imaging.
Materials and Methods: A total of 39 CBCTs of edentulous patients were studied. The selection criteria included clearly visible anatomical structures and no history of surgery or fractures. Reference lines were drawn through anatomical landmarks on standardized CBCTs. Each CBCT was processed with the Romexis® Viewer 4.6.2.R program (Planmeca). After calibrating the software, the bioconstants, which were to be used for the measurement, were determined.
Results: Placing markers on the most prominent point of the left and right tuber maxillae and the horizontal line between them determined the linear distance corresponding to the sagittal dimensions of the upper jaw. To measure the size relative to the frontal plane, a line passing through the middle of the hard palate and perpendicular to the correspondingly drawn tangents to the anatomical landmarks of the upper jaw was used as a reference. For the lower jaw, the determination of sagittal dimensions includes measuring the linear distance of the horizontal line connecting two markers positioned on the most prominent points of the trigonum retromolare. The vestibular-oral dimension of the jaw relative to the frontal plane was determined by a line passing through the middle of the mandible. The linear distances thus determined and recorded allow the development of a protocol for measuring the average dimensions of the jaw bones. The results obtained serve to select an impression tray that is fully tailored to the individual anatomical features of the patient, facilitating clinicians in planning and treating with removable prostheses.
Conclusion: The developed protocol for determining the dimensions of the jaw bones in edentulous patients is important for accurate diagnosis and an exact treatment plan. The treatment of such patients requires the restoration of facial aesthetics and the function of the chewing apparatus. Alveolar bone atrophy and the establishment of anatomical landmarks along the prosthetic field using CBCT contribute to the production of functionally suitable complete dentures.
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