Fractional CO₂ laser is one of the most widely used laser systems in contemporary aesthetic and clinical practice. Due to its effectiveness and relatively high safety profile, it is applied in dermatology, aesthetic medicine, medical cosmetology, as well as in selected fields of gynecology, dentistry, and maxillofacial surgery. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of the fractional CO₂ laser, its main applications in cosmetic practice, and its safety aspects.
The aim of this narrative review is to systematize and analyze current scientific data regarding the application of fractional CO₂ lasers, their role in the treatment of scars, photoaging, and wrinkles, as well as their potential to improve skin structure and quality. Particular emphasis is placed on the competencies of the medical cosmetologist as part of the multidisciplinary team involved in patient screening, recognition of conditions beyond the professional scope of practice, and referral to a dermatologist to ensure patient safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes.
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