Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Aorto-coronary bypass is a cardiac surgery method for revascularization in which the obstruction is circumvented by a repaired vein or artery by suturing it to the aorta and to a section after obstruction of the affected artery (such as a bridge). The method is rarely used in patients with acute myocardial infarction - namely, failure of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI / PCI) or non-PCI coronary artery failure. A clear indication for cardiac surgery are cases of mechanical complications during myocardial infarction. Most of the patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery develop postoperative pulmonary dysfunction with significant reduction in lung volumes, damage to the respiratory mechanism, decrease in lung volumes and increased respiratory function. Reduced lung volumes and capacity can contribute to changes in gas exchange, leading to hypoxemia and decreased diffusion capacity. With this in mind, it is increasingly required to provide physiotherapy care during the preoperative period of this operation.
The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the various techniques of respiratory physiotherapy and their efficacy in the preoperative period in myocardial revascularization surgery, with a positive effect on pulmonary complications.
Physiotherapy uses several techniques in the preoperative period, such as: stimulating spirometry, deep breathing exercises, coughing, muscle inhalation training, earlier ambitions and physiotherapy orientations.
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