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International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology

Temporomandibular disorders as an etiological factor for tinnitus

R. Andreeva, M. Milkov

Abstract

Tinnitus is the sensation of hearing a sound with no external auditory
stimulus present. Tinnitus is very prevalent and increases with
increasing age. The most common presentation is high pitched cricket
sounds, buzzing or ringing in both ears and often but not always
associated with hearing loss. There are many possible causes of
tinnitus, but few specific established treatments. Epidemiologic data
indicate a frequent association between TMD and tinnitus. Disorders
of the masticatory system may exert an influence on tinnitus via
mechanical connections between the temporomandibular system and
the ear or via neuronal influences. This hypothesis explains how the
fusimotor system of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal motor
nucleus is affected by inadequacies in the occlusion of the teeth that
cause changes in posture and movement of the mandible. Inadequate
occlusal contacts give rise to an adapted function of the mandible
and the most common compensatory muscular response is hypertonia
involving all mandibular muscles, including the tensor tympani. The
treatment of tinnitus is very complex and etiologically defined. This
article reviews the effect of TMD therapy on tinnitus.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/orl.v15i1.6689

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