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International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology

Nasal septum dysplasia as etiologic factor of gummy smile

Mario Milkov, Radostina Vasileva

Abstract

Introduction: Gummy smile is the excessive gingival display upon smiling. The main etiological factors associated with gingival smile include altered passive eruption, vertical maxillary excess and upper lip hyperfunction, and/or a combination of these. It has a psychological impact on some individuals, resulting in inconvenience, to a greater degree - unattractiveness and dissatisfaction in some patients. Management methods for the treatment of gingival smiles
are invasive varieties of surgical approaches and non-invasive approaches described in the literature. Botox treatment is a new noninvasive approach and a conservative alternative to invasive surgical procedures.
Results: The identification of nasal septum dysplasia as etiologic factor of gummy smile, propose a novel strategy for the improvement in the treatment of excessive gingival exposure. Studies indicate satisfactory results for patients with nasal septum dysplasia and gummy smile after surgical treatment for excessive gums by enhancing septal cartilage and, if necessary, additional lengthening with autologous cartilage grafting or expanded polytetrafluorescence
(ePTFE) implant.
Conclusion: The etiology of the gingival smile dictates the most appropriate treatment approach. This study regard a strategy of reinforcement and extension of nasal septum cartilage for the improvement of gummy smile confirming septal cartilage dysplasia as the etiologic factor.

Keywords

Etiologic factors; Gummy smile; Nasal septum; Surgical treatment

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/orl.v15i3.6700

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