Koch BL. Cystic malformations of the neck in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2005 May 35(5): 463–77. [Medline].
Goff CJ, Allred C, Glade RS. Current management of congenital branchial cleft cysts, sinuses, and fistulae. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Dec. 20(6): 533–9. [Medline]
Zaifullah S, Yunus MR, See GB. Diagnosis and treatment of branchial cleft anomalies in UKMMC: a 10-year retrospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012 Oct 7. [Medline].
Guldfred LA, Philipsen BB, Siim C. Branchial cleft anomalies: accuracy of pre-operative diagnosis, clinical presentation and management. J Laryngol Otol. 2012 Jun. 126(6): 598–604. [Medline].
Deane SA, Telander RL. Surgery for thyroglossal duct and branchial cleft anomalies. Am J Surg. 1978; 136: 348–53. [PubMed]
Hamilton WJ, Mossman HW. Alimentary and respiratory systems. Hamilton WJ, Mossman HW (eds). Human Embryology. 4th ed. London, UK: Macmillan Press; 1972. 1972: 291-376.
Weichert CW, Presch W. Respiratory system and related structures. Elements of Chordate Anatomy. 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1967. 131–61.
Som PM, Smoker WRK, Curtin HD. Congenital lesions. Som PM, Curtin HD, eds. Head and Neck Imaging. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book; 2002. 1828–64.
Benson MT, Dalen K, Mancuso AA, Kerr HH, Cacciarelli AA, Mafee MF. Congenital anomalies of the branchial apparatus: embryology and pathologic anatomy. Radiographics. 1992 Sep. 12(5): 943–60. [Medline].
Schoenwolf G, Bleyl S, Brauer P, Francis-West P (2009) Larsen’s Human Embryology, 4th edn. Churchill Livingston, New York, Edinburgh
Waldhausen J. Branchial cleft and arch anomalies in children. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2006; 15: 64–69. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.02.002. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 4. St. Louis: Mosby; 2009.
D’Souza A, Uppal H, De R, Zeitoun H. Updating concepts of first branchial cleft defects: a literature review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2002; 62: 103–109. doi: 10.1016/S0165-5876(01)00612-7. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Tewfik T, Yoskovitch A. Congenital malformations of the neck. eMedicine, Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/837477-overview. Accessed 14 March 2015
Koeller K, Alamo L, Adair C, Smirniotopoulos J. Congenital cystic masses of the neck: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 1999; 19(1): 121–146. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.19.1.g99ja06121. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Clevens R, Weimert T. Familial bilateral branchial cleft cysts. Ear Nose Throat J. 1995; 74(6): 419–421. [PubMed]
8.Harnsberger H, Mancuso A, Muraki A, Byrd S, Dillon W, Johnson L, et al. Branchial cleft anomalies and their mimics: computed tomographic evaluation. Radiology. 1984; 152(3): 739–748. doi: 10.1148/radiology.152.3.6463255. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bajaj Y, et al. Branchial anomalies in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011; 75: 1020–1023. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.05.008. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]