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International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology

Obstructive sleep apnea in children

I. Doykov

Abstract

Обструктивното нарушение на дишането по време на сън се среща често при децата. От 3 до 12% от децата хъркат докато обструктивната сънна апнея засяга 08. До 2% от децата. По-голямата част от тези деца имат леки симптоми и могат да превъзмогнат това състояние. Последствията от нелекуваната обструктивна сънна апнея включват забавен растеж, напикаване, разстройство на вниманието, поведенчески проблеми, лош успех в училище, сърдечни заболявания. Най-често етиологията на
обструктивната сънна апнея е аденотонзиларната хипертрофия. Клиничната диагноза на обструктивната сънна апнея е надеждна. Една внимателна анамнеза и обективен преглед обикновено са достатъчни дали има обструкция и апнея през нощта. Допълнителни изследвания като полис-
омнография са полезни за документация на заболяването. Лечението на обструктивната сънна апнея е хирургическо. По-голямата част от децата с обструкция имат драматично подобрение след тонзелектомия и аденотомия. Понякога допълнителните процедури, включително увулопалатофарингопластика и трахеотомия са необходими.

Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing is common in children. From 3 percent to 12 percent of children snore, while obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects 0.8 percent to 2 percent of children. The majority of these children have mild symptoms, and many outgrow the condition. Consequences of untreated obstructive sleep apnea include failure to thrive, enuresis, attention-deficit disorder, behavior problems, poor academic performance, and cardiopulmonary disease. The most common
etiology of obstructive sleep apnea is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea is reliable; A careful history and physical examination are usually sufficient to determine if obstruction and apnea are present at night. Additional studies such as polysomnography are helpful for documentation of the disorder. The treatment of obstructive
apnea, is surgical. The vast majority of children with obstruction have dramatic resolution of their obstruction following a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Occasionally additional procedures including uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and tracheotomy are needed.


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/orl.v9i2.6933

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