Measurement of Nasal Mucociliary Clearance by Saccharin Test

Abstract

The nasal mucosa lines the entry of the respiratory tract and is in constant contact with a great variety of inhaled microbial antigens and allergens. Mucociliary clearance is defined as cleaning of upper and lower airway by interaction of nasal mucus and ciliary beating. Inhaled particles, bacteria and virus are trapped in the mucus and are transported by the beat of the cilia to the pharynx where they are either swallowed or coughed up.
The main purpose of this study is to examine the capabilities of the saccharin test and its application in determination of the modified mucociliary clearance time (MTC) by obstructive nasal breathing, caused by different local pathology. The essence of the test is that a small amount of saccharin is placed approximately 1 cm behind the anterior end of the inferior turbinate. In the presence of normal mucociliary action, the saccharin will be swept backwards to the nasopharynx and a sweet taste perceived.
15 healthy volunteers and 15 patients with obstructive nasal breathing were tested with the saccharin test. Most of the similar studies indicate different clearance times as normal, averaging between 5 and 19 minutes (max. 36 minutes). Results, out of the norm, were registered in cases with present nasal breathing disorder. Our research does not show considerable difference in this respect.
Regardless of whether normal or pathological mucociliary clearance is concerned, the saccharin test appears to be simple, inexpensive and reproducible examination, appropriate for quick and reliable valuation of mucociliary function or dysfunction.