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International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology

Role et traitement de l'obstruction nasale dans le ronflement

M. Barbieri, D. Vicheva, A. Barbieri, M. Milkov, Pl. Nedev

Abstract

L' obstruction nasale peut avoir un role important dans la genese des troubles respiratoires du sommeil. En effet, en cas d'obstruction nasale une augmentation de la pression negative endolumi­nale s'associe a une reduction du tonus physiologique muscu­laire pharynge, ce qui provoque un collapsus majeur des parois pharyngees. Etant donne le role joue par le nez dans la genese et la persistance du ronflement, nous considerons fondamental d'ajouter de maniere systematique a un examen fibroendoscopique avec manoeuvre de Muller l'etude de la fonction nasale au moyen de la rhinomanometrie anterieure active avec test de position et rhinometrie acoustique. Plusieurs etudes reportent la valeur de la chirurgie nasale pour !'amelioration de la ventilation nasale et la reduction des troubles respiratoires du sommeil meme si, dans tons les cas, le role de la chirurgie nasale s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un programme therapeutique multisite. Toutefois, la normalisation des resistances nasales represente une etape fondamentale du trait­ement du ronflement, contribuant a retablir la respiration nasale physiologique en reduisant le gradient de pression trans-pharynge, en attcnuant le collapsus du segment velo-pharyngien et en ame­liorant le rcsultat d'autres procedures chirurgicales. En outre, on ne doit pas sous-estimer le fait que certains patients acceptent de subir un acte chirurgical sur un seul site plus facilement que sur plusieurs sites.
Les techniques chirurgicales preferentielles sont scion nous, outre la correction des difformites de la cloison et de la valve nasale, celles qui comportent I' approche la moins traumatique possible sur !es comets, sou vent siege principal de I' obstruction; a cette fin, deux moyens repondent le plus a nos exigences: les hautes frequences bipolaires (H.F.) et les radiofrequences bipolaires (R.F.). Les resultats finaux sont presque superposables mais les RF semblent mieux respecter la physiologic nasale. En faveur des H.F., on retient le cout mineur de !'instrumentation.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/orl.v4i1.7790

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