Nowadays the number of the patients with chronic renal failure and the syndrome of end-stage renal disease permanently increases. New dietary regimens are necessary to improve the status of the patients with severe kidney diseases. Nutrition plays an essential role in the contemporary approach to the management of the patients with renal failure. Low-protein diet delays the progression of the renal failure. The meta-analysis of the effect of dietary protein restriction on the course of diabetic and non-diabetic renal diseases outlines the importance of the adequate correction of the uremic syndrome and the absence of side effects of this nutritional regimen. The development of appropriate diet therapy to be administered at the predialytic stage of the disease could prevent or at least delay the progression of chronic renal failure and, in this way, it represents a challenge for the nephrologists and hope for the patients.
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