A clinical study covered 299 women with chronic iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) divided in groups according to the severity of anemia. The adaptive changes in hemorheologic indices under conditions of prolonged anaemic hypoxia and their reversibility after treatment were follow ed-up. There was a significantly raised levels of organic phosphates (2,3- DPG and ATP - by 47,59 % and 41,88 %) and an increased erythrocyte deformability by 33,24 % in the severe degree of IDA (p < 0,001). Values of hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin and blood viscosity were significantly reduced but rapidly normalized after treatment. The organic phosphates showed a delayed reversibility in moderate and severe degree of IDA as compared to the faster recovery of hemoglobin. An enzymohistochemical study of the oxidative dehydrogenation and phosphorylation in the myocardium was performed on an experimental model of 72 female rats. SDA activity decreased with the progression of IDA while ATP one increased significantly. This was associated with compensatory changes in the basal membrane of cardiomyocytes and capillaries aiming at improving the transmembrane oxygen transport. There was a prolonged normalization of the enzymatic activities in experimental animals with severe degree of IDA, too.
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