Three case report are made concerning children affected with Thalassaemia major (Cooley`s anemia), all of them personally observed by the authors. Two of them are brothers. All the patients underwent splenectomy and presently are in good general condition and fair hematological status. During the cytogenetic analysis of metaphyseal bone marrow a modal number (2n = 46) of chromosomes and normal kariotype were established in all three children. In one child alone (one of brothers), in single cells shortening was established of the short arm of one chromosome ( 2).
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