INTRODUCTION: Data for arterial stiffness (АS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM) patients is important for better management of cardiovascular complications and early therapeutic approach.
AIM: The aim of this article is to obtain data for pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) and other AS parameters in patients with T2DM without cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease and compare them with controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional clinical investigation involves a sample of 100 patients with T2DM without cardiovascular complications and a control group of 30 healthy subjects. In all patients one-point echo-tracking measurement of carotid artery (CA) stiffness with Aloka Prosound α7 machine were conducted and pulse wave velocity (PWVβ), β-stiffness index, arterial compliance (АС), augmentation index (AI), Peterson’s modulus (Ep) were measured.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Our results showed the mean value of PWVβ on the left CA (L) in the group of patients with T2DM is 7.37 ± 1.32 m/sec and on the right CA (R) is 7.42 ± 1.33 m/sec. The performed t-test showed statistical significance of the differences of PWVβ (L) and PWVβ (R) in the studied group, compared to the control group (t = 3.764; p = 0.001 and t = 3.561; p = 0.001). The data showed significantly higher values of β-stiffness index (p = 0.001) and Ep (p = 0.001) in patients with T2DM compared to controls. AC was significantly lower in T2DM, when it is measured on the left CA (p = 0.001). AI was significantly higher in T2DM when it is measured on the right CA (p = 0.009).
Patients with T2DM are associated with significantly increased AS parameters compared to controls.
Palombo C, Kozakova M. Arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk: pathophysiologic. Vascul Pharmacol. 2016;77:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.11.083.
Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, et al. European network for non-invasive investigation of large arteries. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27(21):2588–605. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl254.
Vriz O, Druissi C, La Carrubba S, Di Bello V, Zito C, Carerj S, et al. Comparison of sequentially measured Aloka echo-tracking one-point pulse wave velocity with SphygmoCor carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity. SAGE Open Med. 2013; 1:2050312113507563. doi: 10.1177/2050312113507563.
Shirwany NA, Zou MH. Arterial stiffness: a brief review. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2010; 31(10):1267–76.
Avdeeva IV, Oleynikov VE, Melnikova EA. Echo-Tracking is a novel technology to assess structural and functional properties of carotid arteries. Sovrem Tehnol Med. 2016; 8(2):119-27. doi: 10.17691/stm2016.8.2.16.
Liabeuf S, Bourron O, Vemeer C, Theuwissen E, Magdeleyns E, Aubert CE, et al. Vascular cаlcification in patients with type 2 diabetes: the involvement of matrix Gla protein. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014; 13:85. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-85.
Magda S, Ciobanu A, Florescu M, Vinereanu D. Comparative reproducibility of the noninvasive ultrasound methods for the assessment of vascular function. Heart Vessels. 2013; 28(2):143–50. doi: 10.1007/s00380-011-0225-2.
Zhong Q, Hu MJ., Cui YJ, Liang L, Zhou MM, Yang YW, et al. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in the prediction of cardiovascular events and mortality: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Angiology. 2018; 69(7): 617–29. doi:10.1177/0003319717742544.
Stary HC, Chandler AB, Dinsmore RE, Fuster V, Glagov S, Insull W Jr, et al. A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis. A report from the committee on vascular lesions of the Council on arteriosclerosis. Circulation. 1995; 92(5):1355–74. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.92.5.1355.
Vriz O, Aboyans V, Minisini R, Magne J, Bertin N, Pirisi M, et al. Reference values of one-point carotid stiffness parameters determined by carotid echo-tracking and brachial pulse pressure in a large population of healthy subjects. Hypertens Res. 2017; 40(7):685-95. doi: 10.1038/hr.2017.24..
Garcia-Carretero R, Vigil-Medina L, Barquero-Perez O, Ramos-Lopez J. Pulse wave velocity and machine learning to predict cardiovascular outcomes in prediabetic and diabetic populations. J Med Syst. 2019;44(1):16. doi: 10.1007/s10916-019-1479-y.
Van Sloten TT, Schram MT, van den Hurk K, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Henry RM, et al. Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: The Hoorn study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63(17):1739–47. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.041.
de Oliveira Alvim R, Santos PCJL, Musso MM, de Sá Cunha R, Krieger JE, Mill JG, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on arterial stiffness in a representative sample of an urban Brazilian population. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2013;5(1):45. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-45.
Email this article (Login required) 
