Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis is a disease with various frequency depending on social and geographic factors. Nowadays genetic predisposition is well studied in cases of familial disease. The most common etiology is related to alcohol consumption. In the progression of the disease, the exocrine and endocrine function are impaired, which leads to disability. Moreover, chronic pancreatitis is linked to increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
Surgical treatment is required in cases of complications, increased ductal pressure, and pain syndrome, associated pancreatic cancer. Different types of surgical interventions are introduced in practice for improvement of the patient’s condition—surgical drainage and different types of pancreatic resections. Drainage procedures are related to successful management of the pain syndrome, combined with pancreatic function preservation. Resection may decrease the risk of pancreatic cancer, but is often linked to insulin-dependent diabetes type 3C.
Aim: The aim of this article is to assess different types of surgical interventions for treatment of chronic pancreatitis and its complications
Materials and Methods: This article presents a review of the literature data and comparison between the methods for surgical drainage and resection of the pancreas depending on specific pathologic changes of the pancreatic gland and complications of the disease.
Discussion: In the middle of the nineteenth century, for the first time, methods for pancreatic decompression of the duct system were described in the literature. This is related to pain reduction. Subsequently, numerous other methods were introduced in the practice. Combinations of pancreatic resection and drainage have been reported to provide the best results in the management of pain. Other publications suggest pancreatic resections as the best option in the surgical treatment of the chronic pancreatitis.
Conclusion: Internal surgical drainage is the best alternative in cases of elevated intraductal pressure and complications of the disease related to this. Small duct disease is a condition requiring a combined resection/drainage procedure. A resection of the pancreas is required in cases of groove pancreatitis, cases of jaundice due to a pancreatic tumor or associated cancer.
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