Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is caused by partial or complete triplication of chromosome 21 and is the most common genetic developmental disorder with high prevalence of agenesis of certain groups of teeth.
Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of hypodontia in children with DS, based on gender and tooth type.
Materials and Methods: Sixty children with DS between the ages 6 and 18, 28 males (46.67%) and 32 females (53.33%), were examined. In order to establish whether there was hypodontia, a clinical and radiographic examination was used. The clinical examination included malocclusion assessment according to Angle’s classification of malocclusion, based on anteroposterior relations. If hypodontia could not be diagnosed during clinical examination, radiographic examination was undertaken.
Results and Discussion: Out of all of the patients, 45 (75%) had hypodontia and 15 (25%) were in the group without hypodontia. In the first group, 20 (44.44%) were male and 25 (55.56%) were female. Out of all 28 male patients, 20 (71.4%) had hypodontia, and of the 32 female patients, 25 (78.1%) had hypodontia. The most common congenitally missing teeth were the upper lateral incisor, upper second premolar, both lower incisors, and lower second premolar. Significant difference was detected between females and males with regard to maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors at p < 0.05. There is no significant difference between females and males with regard to maxillary and mandibular second premolars at p > 0.05.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that the most frequently missing teeth were lateral incisors followed by second premolars, with numbers higher in female patients. Males show a lower percentage than females, which may be due to the jaw dimensions in females being smaller than in males or may be due to an X-linked genetic condition.
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