Introduction: The anatomical relations between the roots of the distal teeth and the mandibular canal (MC) are clinically important, as well as the possible complications when they are not taken into account. The three-dimensional analysis of the lower jaw is a key aspect in ensuring safe intervention in its distal sections.
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relative location of the mandibular canal to the tooth apices, and the possible differences between males and females, different age groups, and between left and right half of the mandible.
Material and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 100 patients were used to evaluate measurements from 600 teeth and respective MC areas.
Results: Direct contact between the root tips and the MC was found in 3.9% of the examined apices and penetration in the MC – in 0.8%. The average reported distance between the apices and the MC is shortest at the distal roots of the second molars. The values, registered for the female patients, were significantly lower than those for the male patients. No statistically significant difference was noted between the measurements in the left and the right half. Significant difference between the age groups was found only in single areas.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the proximity of the root apices to the MC before attempting surgical and root canal procedures in the posterior mandible. Direct communication between the tips of the roots and the MC is not rare and may result in serious nerve injuries if underestimated.
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