Scientific Online Resource System

Scripta Scientifica Medicinae Dentalis

Low-abrasive air-polishing powders—characteristics and application in clinical practice. A review

Irena Georgieva, Zlatina Tsoneva

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory plaque-induced periodontal diseases, which are associated with the presence of a supra- and subgingival biofilm. Successful removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus from hard and soft surfaces in the oral cavity is essential in the therapy of these diseases. Airflow powders remove biofilms in a minimally invasive manner, supra- and subgingivally, from all types of surfaces in oral cavity.

AIM: The aim of this article is to conduct a literature survey on the characteristic features and use of different low-abrasive powders in dental practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey is based on a summary of already published articles and researches.

CONCLUSION: The use of low-abrasive air-polishing powders requires less time and is associated with better comfort for patients, and they are a good alternative for subgingival removal of bacterial biofilms.


Keywords

air-polishing powders, bacterial biofilm, erythritol, trehalose, glycine

Full Text


References

Tonetti MS, Jepsen S, Jin L, Otomo-Corgel J. Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: A call for global action. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44:456–462. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12732.

Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global prevalence of periodontal disease and lack of its surveillance. Sci World J. 2020;2020:2146160. doi: 10.1155/2020/2146160.

Valm AM. The structure of dental plaque microbial communities in the transition from health to dental caries and periodontal disease. J Mol Biol. 2019;431(16):2957-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.016.

Jakubovics NS, Goodman SD, Mashburn-Warren L, Stafford GP, Cieplik F. The dental plaque biofilm matrix. Periodontol 2000. 2021;86(1):32-56. doi: 10.1111/prd.12361.

Böcher S, Wenzler JS, Falk W, Braun A. Comparison of different laser-based photochemical systems for periodontal treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019;27:433-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.009.

Claffey N, Polyzois I, Ziaka P. An overview of nonsurgical and surgical therapy. Periodontol 2000. 2004;36:35-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2004.00073.x.

Jepsen S, Deschner J, Braun A, Schwarz F, Eberhard J. Calculus removal and the prevention of its formation. Periodontol 2000. 2011;55(1):167-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00382.x.

Cobb CM. Clinical significance of non-surgical periodontal therapy: an evidence-based perspective of scaling and root planing. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29 Suppl 2:6-16.

Suvan J, Leira Y, Moreno F, Graziani F, Derks J, Tomasi C. Subgingival instrumentation for treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47:155–75. doi: 10.1111/JCPE.13245.

Lang NP, Tonetti MS. Periodontal risk assessment (PRA) for patients in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Oral Health Prev Dent. 2003;1(1):7-16..

Georgieva I. Periodontal risk profile assessment - a review. Varna Med Forum. 2019;8(2):131-8. doi: 10.14748/vmf.v8i2.6039.

Yildirim TT, Oztekin F, Keklik E, Tozum MD. Surface roughness of enamel and root surface after scaling, root planning and polishing procedures: An in-vitro study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2021;11(2):287-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.02.013.

Kajihara H, Suzuki S, Minesaki Y, Kurashige H, Tanaka T. The effects of air-abrasion on dentin, enamel, and metal bonding. Am J Dent. 2004;17(3):161-4.

Figuero E, Graziani F, Sanz I, Herrera D, Sanz M. Management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000. 2014;66(1):255–73. doi: 10.1111/prd.12049.

Moharrami M, Perrotti V, Iaculli F, Love RM, Quaranta A. Effects of air abrasive decontamination on titanium surfaces: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2019;21(2):398–421. doi: 10.1111/cid.12747.

Georgieva I. Assessment of the implant disease risk profile – a review. Varna Med Forum. 2021;10(1):143-9. doi: 10.14748/vmf.v0i0.7815.

Kruse AB, Akakpo DL, Maamar R, Woelber JP, Al-Ahmad A, Vach K, et al. Trehalose powder for subgingival air-polishing during periodontal maintenance therapy: A randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol. 2019;90:263–70. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0403

Kontturi-Närhi V, Markkanen S, Markkanen H. Effects of airpolishing on dental plaque removal and hard tissues as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. J Periodontol. 1990;61(6):334-8. doi: 10.1902/jop.1990.61.6.334.

Wennström JL, Dahlén G, Ramberg P. Subgingival debridement of periodontal pockets by air polishing in comparison with ultrasonic instrumentation during maintenance therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38:820–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01751.x.

Moëne R, Décaillet F, Andersen E, Mombelli A. Subgingival plaque removal using a new air-polishing device. J Periodontol. 2010;81(1):79-88. doi: 10.1902/jop.2009.090394.

Alonso V, García-Caballero L, Couto I, Diniz M, Diz P, Limeres J. Subcutaneous emphysema related to air-powder tooth polishing: a report of three cases. Aust Dent J. 2017;62(4):510-5. doi: 10.1111/adj.12537.

Sahrmann P, Ronay V, Schmidlin PR, Attin T, Paqué F. Three-dimensional defect evaluation of air polishing on extracted human roots. J Periodontol. 2014;85:1107–14. doi: 10.1902/jop.2014.130629.

Galloway SE, Pashley DH. Rate of removal of root structure by the use of the Prophy-Jet device. J Periodontol. 1987;58:464–9. doi: 10.1902/jop.1987.58.7.464.

Kozlovsky A, Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE, Hirshberg A. Effect of air-polishing devices on the gingiva: Histologic study in the canine. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:329–34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00678.x.

Agger MS, Hörsted-Bindslev P, Hovgaard O. Abrasiveness of an air-powder polishing system on root surfaces in vitro. Quintessence Int. 2001;32(5):407-11.

Moon HJ, Jeya M, Kim IW, Lee JK. Biotechnological production of erythritol and its applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010;86(4):1017–25. doi: 10.1007/s00253-010-2496-4.

Drago L, Del Fabbro M, Bortolin M, Vassena C, de Vecchi E, Taschieri S. Biofilm removal and antimicrobial activity of two different air-polishing powders: An in vitro study. J Periodontol. 2014;85:e363–9. doi: 10.1902/jop.2014.140134.

Mensi M, Cochis A, Sordillo A, Uberti F, Rimondini L. Biofilm Removal and Bacterial Re-Colonization Inhibition of a Novel Erythritol/Chlorhexidine Air-Polishing Powder on Titanium Disks. Materials (Basel). 2018;11(9):1510. doi: 10.3390/ma11091510.

Hashino E, Kuboniwa M, Alghamdi SA, Yamaguchi M, Yamamoto R, Cho H, et al. Erythritol alters microstructure and metabolomic profiles of biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2013;28(6):435–51. doi: 10.1111/omi.12037.

Onisor F, Mester A, Mancini L, Voina-Tonea A. Effectiveness and clinical performance of erythritol air-polishing in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022;58(7):866. doi: 10.3390/medicina58070866.

Jentsch HFR, Flechsig C, Kette B, Eick S. Adjunctive air-polishing with erythritol in nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):364. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01363-5.

Muller N, Moene R, Cancela JA, Mombelli A. Subgingival air-polishing with erythritol during periodontal maintenance: randomized clinical trial of twelve months. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41(9):883–9. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12289.

Hägi TT, Hofmänner P, Eick S, Donnet M, Salvi GE, Sculean A, et al. The effects of erythritol air-polishing powder on microbiologic and clinical outcomes during supportive periodontal therapy: Six-month results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(1):31-41. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a32817.

Ulvik IM, Saethre T, Bunaes DF, Lie SA, Enersen M, Leknes KN. A 12-month randomized controlled trial evaluating erythritol air-polishing versus curette/ultrasonic debridement of mandibular furcations in supportive periodontal therapy. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01397-3.

Hentenaar DFM, De Waal YCM, Stewart RE, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Meijer HJA, Raghoebar GM. Erythritol airpolishing in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021;32(7):840–52. doi: 10.1111/clr.13757.

Sultan DA, Hill RG, Gillam DG. Air-polishing in subgingival root debridement: A critical literature review. J Dent Oral Biol. 2017;2(10):1065.

Kruse AB, Maamar R, Akakpo DL, Woelber JP, Wittmer A, Vach K, et al. Effects of subgingival air-polishing with trehalose powder on oral biofilm during periodontal maintenance therapy: A randomized-controlled pilot study. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:123. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01111-9.

Hägi TT, Hofmänner P, Salvi GE, Ramseier CA, Sculean A. Clinical outcomes following subgingival application of a novel erythritol powder by means of air polishing in supportive periodontal therapy: A randomized, controlled clinical study. Quintessence Int. 2013;44:753–61. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a30606.

Petersilka GJ. Subgingival air-polishing in the treatment of periodontal biofilm infections. Periodontol 2000. 2011;55:124–42. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00342.x.

Flemmig TF, Hetzel M, Topoll H, Gerss J, Haeberlein I, Petersilka G. Subgingival debridement efficacy of glycine powder air polishing. J Periodontol. 2007;78:1002–10. doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.060420.

Homiak AW, Cook PA, DeBoer J. Effect of hygiene instrumentation on titanium abutments: A scanning electron microscopy study. J Prosthet Dent. 1992;67:364–9. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(92)90248-9.

Cobb CM, Daubert DM, Davis K, Deming J, Flemmig TF, Pattison A, Roulet JF, Stambaugh RV. Consensus Conference Findings on Supragingival and Subgingival Air Polishing. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2017;38(2):e1-e4.

Petersilka G, Faggion CM Jr, Stratmann U, Gerss J, Ehmke B, Haeberlein I, et al. Effect of glycine powder air-polishing on the gingiva. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2008;35:324–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01195.x.

Petersilka GJ, Bell M, Häberlein I, Mehl A, Hickel R, Flemmig TF. In vitro evaluation of novel low abrasive air polishing powders. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30:9–13. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.300102.x.

Bühler J, Amato M, Weiger R, Walter C. A systematic review on the effects of air polishing devices on oral tissues. Int J Dent Hyg. 2016;14:15–28. doi: 10.1111/idh.12120

Simon CJ, Munivenkatappa Lakshmaiah Venkatesh P, Chickanna R. Efficacy of glycine powder air polishing in comparison with sodium bicarbonate air polishing and ultrasonic scaling - a double-blind clinico-histopathologic study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2015;13(3):177-83. doi: 10.1111/idh.12133.

Graumann SJ, Sensat ML, Stoltenberg JL. Air polishing: a review of current literature. J Dent Hyg. 2013;87(4):173-80.

Tamilselvi S, Nagate RR, Al-Ahmari MMM, Kokila G, Tikare S, Chaturvedi S. Comparison of the effect of sodium bicarbonate and glycine air polishing systems on tooth surface roughness: An atomic force microscopic analysis. Technol Health Care. 2021;29(3):489-98. doi: 10.3233/THC-202210.

Chaves ES, Jeffcoat MK, Ryerson CC, Snyder B. Persistent bacterial colonization of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis and its association with alveolar bone loss after 6 months of therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(12):897-903. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027012897.x.

Flemmig TF, Arushanov D, Daubert D, Rothen M, Mueller G, Leroux BG. Randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy and safety of glycine powder air polishing in moderate-to-deep periodontal pockets. J Periodontol. 2012;83:444–52. doi: 10.1902/jop.2011.110367.

Petersilka GJ, Tunkel J, Barakos K, Heinecke A, Häberlein I, Flemmig TF. Subgingival plaque removal at interdental sites using a low-abrasive air polishing powder. J Periodontol. 2003;74(3):307-11. doi: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.3.307.

Georgieva I. Efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy for decreasing the individual periodontal risk. Scr Sci Med Dentalis. 2020;6(1):24-9. doi: 10.14748/ssmd.v6i1.6633.

Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, Dibart S, Smith C, Kent RL Jr, Socransky SS. The effect of SRP on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24:324–34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00765.x.

Armitage GC, Xenoudi P. Post-treatment supportive care for the natural dentition and dental implants. Periodontol 2000. 2016;71:164–84. doi: 10.1111/prd.12122.

Atkinson DR, Cobb CM, Killoy WJ. The effect of an air-powder abrasive system on in vitro root surfaces. J Periodontol. 1984;55:13–8. doi: 10.1902/jop.1984.55.1.13.

Horning GM, Cobb CM, Killoy WJ. Effect of an air-powder abrasive system on root surfaces in periodontal surgery. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14:213–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1987.tb00969.x.

Jost-Brinkmann PG. The influence of air polishers on tooth enamel. An in-vitro study. J Orofac Orthop. 1998;59:1–16. doi: 10.1007/BF01321551.

Bühler J, Amato M, Weiger R, Walter C. A systematic review on the patient perception of periodontal treatment using air polishing devices. Int J Dent Hyg. 2016;14:4–14. doi: 10.1111/idh.12119.

Umeda M, Takeuchi Y, Noguchi K, Huang Y, Koshy G, Ishikawa I. Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the microbiota. Periodontol 2000. 2004;36:98–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2004.03675.x

Laleman I, Cortellini S, De Winter S, Herrero ER, Dekeyser C, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Subgingival debridement: End point, methods and how often? Periodontol 2000. 2017;75:189–204. doi: 10.1111/prd.12204.

Johnson WW, Barnes CM, Covey DA, Walker MP, Ross JA. The effects of a commercial aluminum airpolishing powder on dental restorative materials. J Prosthodont. 2004;13:166–72. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2004.04026.x.

Wenzler JS, Krause F, Böcher S, Falk W, Birkenmaier A, Conrads G, Braun A. Antimicrobial impact of different air-polishing powders in a subgingival biofilm model. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Nov 28;10(12):1464. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121464.

Weaks LM, Lescher NB, Barnes CM, Holroyd SV. Clinical evaluation of the Prophy-Jet as an instrument for routine removal of tooth stain and plaque. J Periodontol. 1984;55:486–8. doi: 10.1902/jop.1984.55.8.486.

Muhney KA, Dechow PC. Patients' perception of pain during ultrasonic debridement: a comparison between piezoelectric and magnetostrictive scalers. J Dent Hyg. 2010;84(4):185-9.

Divnic-Resnik T, Pradhan H, Spahr A. The efficacy of the adjunct use of subgingival air-polishing therapy with erythritol powder compared to conventional debridement alone during initial non-surgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2022;49(6):547-55. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13623.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/ssmd.v10i1.9750

Refbacks

Article Tools
Email this article (Login required)
About The Authors

Irena Georgieva
Medical University of Varna
Bulgaria

Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology,

Faculty of Dental Medicine

Zlatina Tsoneva
Medical University of Varna
Bulgaria

Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology,

Faculty of Dental Medicine

Font Size


|