INTRODUCTION: Apical surgery is a method belonging to endodontic surgery, applicable in cases where conventional endodontic treatment or retreatment cannot lead to a healing process by itself. The primary objective is to create optimal conditions for the recovery of the periradicular tissue. The success of this procedure depends on various factors. Among them is the size of the bone defect. The formation of bone around the tooth root following apical surgery is crucial for its long-term prognosis. Tissue engineering has the potential to overcome the limitations of already existing bone regeneration methods through the application of scaffolding materials for the migration and attachment of cells with osteogenic potential. Natural polymers like collagen demonstrate significant suitability for these purposes.
AIM: The aim of this study is to summarize the data in the literature regarding the application of collagen biomaterials in the field of bone regeneration. The healing processes after apical surgery were examined and the potential role of collagen materials in stimulating osteogenesis was also evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present literature review is based on different researches in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to obtain the needed information. The keywords used were: collagen-based materials, bone repair, apicoectomy, tissue engineering, and periapical surgery. All the articles that were researched were in English.
RESULTS: There is evidence for the positive impact of collagen materials on bone regeneration processes. Applied alone or in combination with other materials, the porous structure of the collagen sponge has been proven to be a favorable environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. It possesses suitable structural characteristics to be used as a potential substrate to enhance bone regeneration.
CONCLUSION: Despite collagen’s favorable biological characteristics, the question regarding its influence on the proliferation of connective tissue in complicated periapical lesions remains uncertain. Presently, there is a lack of data in the literature describing complete bone recovery in these defects achieved only by the application of collagen sponges. Further clinical studies are needed.
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