INTRODUCTION: Diseases of the maxillary sinuses are diverse and are the subject of different medical specialties. We divide them mainly into those of odontogenic origin, which require maxillofacial surgery, and those of rhinogenic etiology, which are the subject of otolaryngology specialists.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present review article was written after analyzing information from 31 full-text articles published in prestigious medical journals.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The maxillary sinuses are paired intraosseous spaces located within the maxillary bone. They have six walls, are innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and their blood circulation is carried out by three different arterial sources. They communicate with the nasal cavity through an opening that communicates with the middle nasal passage. Their inflammations, called sinusitis, according to their course, are divided into acute and chronic and are treated both conservatively and surgically. The most common surgical intervention in the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis is radical maxillary antrotomy. Predisposed to the occurrence of odontogenic infection are sinuses with less bone in their floor, in which the tooth apices are located higher and are closer to the sinus cavity. The most common tooth causing an odontogenic sinus infection is the upper first molar. Their diagnosis includes imaging studies (usually computed tomography or nuclear magnetic resonance), general laboratory tests, microbiological, virological, and pathological analysis.
CONCLUSION: Of primary importance for inflammatory diseases of the maxillary sinuses are their early diagnosis, their timely treatment and the individual approach to each patient, which is based on an important and not always easy collaboration between different medical specialists.
Sieron HL, Sommer F, Hoffmann TK, Grossi AS, Scheithauer MO, Stupp F, et al. Funktion und Physiologie der Kieferhöhle [Function and physiology of the maxillary sinus]. HNO. 2020 Aug;68(8):566-572. German. doi: 10.1007/s00106-020-00869-2.
Whyte A, Boeddinghaus R. The maxillary sinus: physiology, development and imaging anatomy. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2019 Dec;48(8):20190205. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20190205.
Han SJ. The role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in maxillary sinus diseases related to dental implants. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Oct 31;49(5):241-242. doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2023.49.5.241.
Whyte A, Boeddinghaus R. The maxillary sinus: physiology, development and imaging anatomy. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2019 Dec;48(8):20190205. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20190205.
Cappello ZJ, Minutello K, Dublin AB. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Nose Paranasal Sinuses. [Updated 2023 Feb 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499826/
Asaumi R, Sato I, Miwa Y, Imura K, Sunohara M, Kawai T, et al. Understanding the formation of maxillary sinus in Japanese human foetuses using cone beam CT. Surg Radiol Anat. 2010 Oct;32(8):745-51. doi: 10.1007/s00276-010-0678-5.
Shafique S, Das JM. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Maxillary Nerve. [Updated 2023 Jun 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542277/
Iwanaga J, Wilson C, Lachkar S, Tomaszewski KA, Walocha JA, Tubbs RS. Clinical anatomy of the maxillary sinus: application to sinus floor augmentation. Anat Cell Biol. 2019 Mar;52(1):17-24. doi: 10.5115/acb.2019.52.1.17.
Robinson S, Wormald PJ. Patterns of innervation of the anterior maxilla: a cadaver study with relevance to canine fossa puncture of the maxillary sinus. Laryngoscope. 2005 Oct;115(10):1785-8. doi: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000176544.72657.a6.
Mehra P, Jeong D. Maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2009 May;9(3):238-43. doi: 10.1007/s11882-009-0035-0.
Elsayed SA, Alassaf MS, Elboraey MO, Mohamado LL, Huwaykim DA, Albouq AK, et al. The Impact of Maxillary Sinus Pneumatization on the Quality of the Alveolar Bone in Dentated and Edentulous Patients: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Radiographic Analysis. Cureus. 2023 Sep 26;15(9):e46005. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46005.
Gandhi KR, Wabale RN, Siddiqui AU, Farooqui MS. The incidence and morphology of maxillary sinus septa in dentate and edentulous maxillae: a cadaveric study with a brief review of the literature. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015 Feb;41(1):30-6. doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2015.41.1.30.
Betin-Noriega C, Urbano-Del Valle SE, Saldarriaga-Naranjo CI, Obando-Castillo JL, Tobón-Arroyave SI. Analysis of risk variables for association with maxillary sinus mucosal thickenings: a cone-beam computed tomography-based retrospective study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2023 Apr;45(4):417-429. doi: 10.1007/s00276-023-03090-2.
Shafique S, Das JM. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Maxillary Nerve. [Updated 2023 Jun 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542277/
Flanagan D. Arterial supply of maxillary sinus and potential for bleeding complication during lateral approach sinus elevation. Implant Dent. 2005 Dec;14(4):336-8. doi: 10.1097/01.id.0000188437.66363.7c.
Martu C, Martu MA, Maftei GA, Diaconu-Popa DA, Radulescu L. Odontogenic Sinusitis: From Diagnosis to Treatment Possibilities-A Narrative Review of Recent Data. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Jun 30;12(7):1600. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12071600.
Alghofaily M, Alsufyani N, Althumairy RI, AlSuhaibani A, Alfawzan F, AlSadhan L. Odontogenic Factors Associated with Maxillary Sinus Schneiderian Membrane Thickness and their Relationship to Chronic Sinonasal Symptoms: An Ambispective Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Aug 20;13(16):2710. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13162710.
Lin J, Wang C, Wang X, Chen F, Zhang W, Sun H, et al. Expert consensus on odontogenic maxillary sinusitis multi-disciplinary treatment. Int J Oral Sci. 2024 Feb 1;16(1):11. doi: 10.1038/s41368-024-00278-z.
Psillas G, Papaioannou D, Petsali S, Dimas GG, Constantinidis J. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: A comprehensive review. J Dent Sci. 2021 Jan;16(1):474-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.08.001.
Little RE, Long CM, Loehrl TA, Poetker DM. Odontogenic sinusitis: A review of the current literature. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2018 Mar 25;3(2):110-4. doi: 10.1002/lio2.147.
Mehra P, Murad H. Maxillary sinus disease of odontogenic origin. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2004 Apr;37(2):347-64. doi: 10.1016/S0030-6665(03)00171-3.
Kim SM. Definition and management of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 Mar 29;41(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40902-019-0196-2.
Sabatino L, Pierri M, Iafrati F, Di Giovanni S, Moffa A, De Benedetto L, et al. Odontogenic Sinusitis from Classical Complications and Its Treatment: Our Experience. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Feb 15;12(2):390. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020390.
Helliwell T. Inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. Diagn Histopathol (Oxf). 2010 Jun;16(6):255-64. doi: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2010.03.008.
InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Sinusitis. [Updated 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279485/
Battisti AS, Modi P, Pangia J. Sinusitis. [Updated 2023 Mar 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470383/
Adamska P, Pylińska-Dąbrowska D, Stasiak M, Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk M, Kozłowska E, Zedler A, et al. Treatment of Odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis with the Use of Growth Factors in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Immediate Closure of Oro-Antral Communication: A Case Report. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 14;25(8):4339. doi: 10.3390/ijms25084339.
Rangics A, Répássy GD, Gyulai-Gaál S, Dobó-Nagy C, Tamás L, Simonffy L. Management of Odontogenic Sinusitis: Results with Single-Step FESS and Dentoalveolar Surgery. J Pers Med. 2023 Aug 23;13(9):1291. doi: 10.3390/jpm13091291.
Sakkas A, Weiß C, Ebeling M, Pietzka S, Wilde F, Evers T, et al. Factors Influencing Recurrence after Surgical Treatment of Odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis: An Analysis from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Point of View. J Clin Med. 2023 May 25;12(11):3670. doi: 10.3390/jcm12113670.
Adamska P, Pylińska-Dąbrowska D, Stasiak M, Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk M, Kozłowska E, Zedler A, et al. Treatment of Odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis with the Use of Growth Factors in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Immediate Closure of Oro-Antral Communication: A Case Report. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 14;25(8):4339. doi: 10.3390/ijms25084339.
Wu Z, Craig JR, Maza G, Li C, Otto BA, Farag AA, et al. Peak Sinus Pressures During Sneezing in Healthy Controls and Post-Skull Base Surgery Patients. Laryngoscope. 2020 Sep;130(9):2138-43. doi: 10.1002/lary.28400.
Email this article (Login required) 
