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LINKING OF OMICS-BASED BIOMARKERS WITH NUTRITION AND METABOLIC OUTCOMES IN CHINESE

Xu Lin, Huaixing Li, Liang Sun

Abstract

With the rapid development of advanced technology, omics-based biomarkers are expected to provide a more precise tool to predict and control disease and also to evaluate nutrition status. However, limited prospective studies have systematically investigated major nutritional and genetic factors for metabolic disease in Chinese with the world largest populations with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, by adopting multiple omics approaches in a 6-yr population-based cohort study and also leading a national genome-wide association study (GWAS) for T2D in Chinese Hans, we identified or confirmed over 100 genetic variants associated with obesity, T2D and hypertension. Moreover, we found about 50 genetic variants involving fatty acids, vitamin D and iron metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, multiple nutritional biomarkers (high carb or dairy intake and iron, vitamin D, vitamin B1 status) were found to be associated with prevalence or incident MetS, T2D and other health outcomes. A panel of acylcarnitines, especially long-chain acylcarnitines, substantially improved the predictive ability for incident diabetes beyond conventional risks. By conducting two randomized, double-blinded controlled trials, we found that health participants administered 0, 400 (recommend dietary allowance, RDA), 800, 1200 or 2000 (the upper intake level, UL) IU/d of vitamin D3 showed a curvilinear dose-response relationship with a plateau at around 6 weeks in the 16-week trial. In the second trial, we further confirmed that daily supplementation with 2000 IU vitamin D3 for 20 weeks significantly raised total and bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations, but still left 25% participants with uncorrected deficiency. A PTH-based threshold of 25(OH)D (50.8 nmol/L) was suggested. Genetic factors exerted stronger impact than non-genetic factors (baseline value, BMI and gender) on both 25(OH)D responses. Overall, our studies provide important insights regarding the roles of genetic and nutrient-related biomarkers on metabolic diseases and nutritional status in Chinese and these findings are useful for establishing strategies of precision nutrition.

Keywords

omics, metabolic disease, nutrition, biomarker




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/ssp.v4i1.3933

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About The Authors

Xu Lin

Huaixing Li

Liang Sun

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