Introduction: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by reduced skeletal mass and impaired bone microarchitecture, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures. It mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals and usually proceeds unnoticed until the first bone fracture. This review aims to clarify the relationship between osteoporosis and oral health, identify the risks for these patients during dental treatment, and highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach between dentists and healthcare providers.
Materials and Methods: An electronic search was performed in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: osteoporosis, dentistry, oral health, bisphosphonates, periodontal health, and tooth extraction. After selection and analysis of the obtained data, this review included 46 articles.
Results and Discussion: There is a dynamic relationship between osteoporosis and oral health. On the one hand, the pathophysiological processes in osteoporosis have a negative impact on periodontal health and jawbone density and are associated with an increased risk of tooth loss. On the other hand, drug treatment for osteoporosis, including hormone replacement therapy and antiresorptive agents, carries significant risks when performing invasive dental procedures.
Conclusion: The multifactorial nature of the relationship between osteoporosis and dental health requires a multidisciplinary approach, including close collaboration between dentists and specialists managing the systemic disease. Professional oral care is a key prerequisite for treatment success and for limiting the risks of future complications.
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