Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The role of vitamins is of interest due to their involvement as key cofactors in energy homeostasis, renin production, and antioxidant systems. Deficiencies in vitamins and microelements are widespread among patients with heart failure across the entire spectrum of ejection fraction. Deficiencies in vitamin D and thiamine are most commonly observed. This review examines the effects of vitamin D, thiamine, vitamin A, and vitamin E on cardiac function and the benefits of supplementation.
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