Immunological Diagnosis Of Antiphospholipid Syndrome In Recurrent Miscarriage

Abstract

During each stage of pregnancy, there is an opportunity for a miscarriage. The known etiological factors leading to fetal loss are combined into the following main categories: genetic, anatomical, endocrine, infectious, immunological. Many studies have shown that one of the common causes of these recurrent miscarriages is a condition described in 1986 by the English scientist Hughes, called antiphospholipid syndrome. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by: thrombocytopenia, arterial and / or venous thrombosis, abnormalities of pregnancy, and always associated with the presence of a specific group of antibodies - antiphospholipid antibodies. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) are autoantibodies directed against negatively charged phospholipids (cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, etc.) and phospholipid-binding proteins (beta2-glycoprotein I, prothrombin). They may be directed against phospholipid antigens located on cell membranes (platelets, endothelial cells, trophoblast cells), complexes with co-factors - plasma proteins (beta2-glycoprotein I) or directly against plasma proteins without phospholipid antigens. The most common clinical manifestations of APA are reproductive failure - recurrent fetal loss, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine retardation of the fetus, placental abruption, sleeping. The relationship between recurrent spontaneous abortions and the presence of APA in the sera of these patients is increasingly reported.