Introduction: Varicose veins are a common condition, with manifestations ranging from a cosmetic concern to a potentially harmful disease. This condition affects the lower extremities, impacting up to 40% of women and 20% of men. In Europe, thalassotherapy has a long history, particularly in the treatment of varicose veins. However, the notion that it is effective for this condition is largely based on empirical evidence.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of regular thalassotherapy in managing primary varicose veins.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of 20 articles obtained from several databases, covering the period from June 1988 to September 2022.
Results: A thorough evaluation of the relevant publications indicates that thalassotherapy is effective in treating and preventing primary varicose veins. It can be considered an adjunct to conservative treatments such as compression therapy, as well as to surgical interventions. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that regular thalassotherapy reduces both objective and subjective symptoms of varicosity. The main objectives of this treatment include symptom relief, prevention of varicose vein progression, improvement in appearance, and avoidance of relapses and major complications, including bleeding and ulceration. Notably, the therapeutic benefits of thalassotherapy extend beyond seawater hydrotherapy; as part of climate therapy, it incorporates additional beneficial elements such as sand-based exercise and stress management, all of which contribute to psychological and physical well-being.
Conclusion: Thalassotherapy is an excellent, cost-effective, and non-invasive therapy for varicosity, with no reported complications or harmful side effects. Although available evidence suggests that thalassotherapy can improve the symptoms and signs of primary varicose veins, we do not recommend it as a first-line or sole treatment.
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