Adaptation And Integration Of Children, Suffered Thermal Injury To The Children's Establishments (Nurcheries And Kindergarten)

Abstract

In medicine, a burn is defined as a type of skin trauma caused by heat, electric current, chemicals or radiation. Burns are the third leading cause of childhood trauma death and account for nearly 1/3 of all burns in the country in a calendar year. They not only affect the body physically, but have long-lasting psycho-emotional, functional and aesthetic consequences. Physical and psychological general and local consequences require long-term follow-up, rehabilitation and permanent surgical interventions. Nurseries and kindergartens are places where children of a certain age spend most of their daily life. These are also the places for training, acquiring knowledge, skills and certain habits for the respective age. But sometimes this is impossible or extremely difficult if the child has some problem. After thermal trauma, these are mostly physical and psychological problems. Problems with the child's adaptation and integration with other children in the group.

The aim: To analyze the opinion and evaluation of teachers in nurseries and kindergartens about their readiness to work, if necessary, with children who have suffered thermal trauma for their better adaptation and integration among children's groups to improve their quality of life and achieve educational competencies .

Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 57 teachers in 5 kindergartens. The opinion of the staff in the children's facilities and their willingness to work with children who suffered thermal trauma was studied. A documentary method and a survey of data on burns in children were applied. Data processing was performed using the SPSS11.0 statistical data processing package.

Results and discussion: The study was conducted among teachers - pedagogues and nurses in nurseries and kindergartens on the territory of the city of Varna in 2023. The most numerous group of respondents /16/ has work experience between 1-5 years. In this interval of work experience, respondents in the age interval 31-40 years predominate - 9. A non-parametric coefficient of contingency was calculated in order to detect dependencies between two categorical variables (factor and result). The role of teachers is extremely important, because the child placed in this environment perceives the teacher as his closest, replacing the parent. After the completion of the medical measures, the adaptation of the children to their normal way of life follows. The family and school environment is now important here. The social adaptation of children and their integration into society should also be carried out by other specialists - rehabilitators, pedagogues, psychologists. In children's institutions, work and behavior models have been developed according to the requirements for the respective age, and very often individual plans for working with children with disabilities are developed, taking into account the degree of trauma and the type of disability. In some countries, there are separate centers for the recovery of children with physical disabilities after thermal trauma.

Conclusion: Adaptation and re-adaptation are complex processes. Complex, not so much to explain as to experience, to experience. And regardless of the fact that all people are different - with feelings, attitude, upbringing - they should work in the direction of a better future for the children, whatever problems they may have. Because the only thing they need is the opportunity to lead a dignified and quality life.