β-lactam antibiotics are the largest antibiotic group, so bacterial resistance against them has a pivotal role in the antibacterial therapy. there are four mechanisms for beta-lactam resistance from which two: the changes in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and the synthesis of beta-lactamase enzymes are the main. the treatment of the infections, caused by resistant strains is carried out by new non-beta lactams but the bacteria develop resistance to them fast. this problem is especially important with Gram (-) bacteria because effective antibiotics against them are scarce. the bacterial resistance constantly evolves. the spread of community-acquired mRsa as well as bacterial strains producing EsBL and carbapenenase is very alarming. there is a wide variety of causes for the bacterial resistance but the fight against this phenomenon is not very efficient.
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