Neuroendocrine tumors (NEts) are a special group neoplasms arising from cells, producing and secreting biogenic amines and polypeptides of a hormonal nature. the main quality of the cells of this group is the accumulation of simple amines leading to the formation of bioamines, which in turn are used for the construction of complex peptides and polypeptides with different hormonal activity (insulin, calcitonin, gastrin, etc.). the ultrastructural evaluation allows for the identification of aPUd cells. In our case, the tumor belongs to the group of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, which have aggressive biological behavior, poor therapeutic response and poor prognosis. a selective immunohistochemical panel was performed, sufficient for the organ`s localization - the tumor is ttF 1 positive, furthermore, it does not react to marking with Cd5 and Cd 117 - 62 to 80 % of the thymic carcinomas react positive for Cd 5, 80 to 86% for Cd 117; i.e., it is not a carcinoma of the thymus, and at the same time the tumor shows a classical NEt expression - all cells react positive for high-grade tumors.
Райчев Р. морфологични диагностични приноси кьм клиничната онкология- тумори на аПУд клетьчна система 1985 год.стр. 7-20
Fletcher C. diagnostic Hystopatholgy of tumors 2007. third Edition Vol 1 p 187-190
stacey m. sternberg's diagnostic surgical Pathology 2010 Fifth Edition Vol 1 p 1079-1081:1086-1090
Juan Roasai and ackerman's surgical Pathology 2010 tenth Edition Vol 1 p 349-352
Bajetta, Catena, Procopio, Bichisao, Ferrari, della torre, de dosso, Jacobellli, Buzozoni, mariani, J. Rosai. Is the WHO Classification of NEt Useful fo selecting and appropriate treatment 2010
d. Klimstra, I. modlin, d. Coppola, R. Loid, s. suste. the Pathologic Classification of NEt:a review of nomenclature, grading and stading systems 2010
ENEts Consensus Guidelines for the diagnostic and treatment of Neuroendocrine tumors 2010
Linnoila RI, Piantadosi s, Ruckdeschel JC. Impact of neuroendocrine differentiation in non–small cell lung cancer: the LCsG experience. Chest. 1994;106(6 suppl):367s-371s.
Loy ts, darkow GV, Quesenberry Jt. Immunostaining in the diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas: an immunohistochemical study with ultrastructural correlations. am J surg Pathol. 1995;19:173-182.
Folpe aL, Gown am, Lamps LW, et al. thyroid transcription factor-1: immunohistochemical evaluation in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. mod Pathol. 1999;12:5-8.
Ordonez NG. Value of thyroid transcription factor-1 immunostaining in distinguishing small cell lung carcinomas from other small cell carcinomas. am J surg Pathol. 2000;24:1217-1223.
Garcia-yuste m, matilla Jm, alvarez-Gago t, et al. Prognostic factors in neuroendocrine lung tumors: a spanish multicenter study. spanish multicenter study of Neuroendocrine tumors of the Lung of the spanish society of Pneumonology and thoracic surgery (EmEtNE-sEPaR). ann thorac surg. 2000;70:258-263.
Wick mR, Ritter JH. Neuroendocrine neoplasia of the lung. ann thorac surg. 2000;69:307-308.
E. Brambilla 1 , W.d. travis , t.V. Colby, B. Corrin,
y. shimosato. the new World Health Organization classification of lung tumours ERJ december 1, 2001 vol. 18 no. 6 1059-1068
alberto m. marchevsky, anthony a. Gal, swati shah, michael N. Koss. morphometry Confirms the Presence of Considerable Nuclear size Overlap Between “small Cells” and “Large Cells” in High-Grade Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms am J Clin Pathol
;116:466-472
W. Cheuk, m. y. Kwan, saul suster, John K. C. Chan. FRCPath Immunostaining for thyroid transcription Factor 1 and Cytokeratin 20 aids the distinction of small Cell Carcinoma From merkel Cell Carcinoma, But Not Pulmonary From Extrapulmonary small Cell Carcinomas arch Pathol Lab med -Vol 125,February 2001
Halla skuladottir, Fred R Hirsch, Heine H Hansen, Jorgen H Olsen Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: Incidence and prognosis of histological subtypes. a population-based study in denmark Lung Cancer Volume 37, Issue 2 , Pages 127-135, august 2002
Kenzo Hiroshima1,2, akira Iyoda3, takashi shida4, Kiyoshi shibuya3, toshihiko Iizasa3, Hirohisa Kishi5, tohru tanizawa2, takehiko Fujisawa3 and
yukio Nakatani1,2 distinction of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from small cell lung carcinoma: a morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis modern Pathology (2006) 19, 1358– 1368. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800659; published online 7 July 2006.
Rekhtman N. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: an update.arch Pathol Lab med. 2010 Nov;134(11):1628-38.
travis Wd.advances in neuroendocrine lung tumors. ann Oncol. 2010 Oct;21 suppl 7:vii65-71.
altman dG, mcshane Lm, sauerbrei W, taube sE (2012) Reporting Recommendations for tumor marker Prognostic studies (REmaRK): Explanation and Elaboration. PLos med 9(5): e1001216. doi:10.1371/ journal.pmed.1001216.
