Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of Head and Neck – Case Series

Abstract

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) of the head and neck is among the most common malignancies globally, primarily comprising basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These cancers predominantly affect fair-skinned individuals exposed to ultraviolet radiation, with high incidence rates in sun-exposed regions of the face, scalp, ears, and neck. The pathogenesis involves DNA damage induced by UV exposure, leading to mutations in key tumor suppressor genes.
Clinically, NMSC presents as persistent, non-healing lesions, often with characteristic features such as nodules, ulcers, or plaques. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent local tissue destruction and disfigurement, with treatment options including surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, radiotherapy, and topical therapies. Advances in diagnostic techniques and targeted therapies continue to improve patient outcomes. This review highlights the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, and current management strategies for NMSC of the head and neck, emphasizing the importance of prevention and early intervention.
In this case series, we present five patients with histopathologically confirmed non melanoma skin cancer of the head and neck region, illustrating the variability in clinical outcomes associated with distinct pathological features. These cases highlight the importance of detailed histological assessment in predicting disease progression and tailoring appropriate treatment strategies.