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International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology

Olfactory Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease

B. Ivanov, A. Kaprelyan, Y. Enchev, I. Dimitrov, M. Milkov

Abstract

Olfaction is not a leading sense in humans, but it plays an important role for the quality of life. The classical observations of Dr. J. Parkinson may state that senses and intellect remain intact, but it has been proven recently that 70% to 100% of patients with Parkinson's disease have olfactory disturbances. Complete loss of olfaction can be seen in half of the patients. The disturbances worsen significantly after Hoehn-Yahr stage II. Olfactory dysfunction is considered attractive as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease because of its high prevalence and easy assessment. It can also be useful for the differential diagnosis with other extrapyramidal disorders. Studies give evidence of normal olfaction in patients with essential tremor, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, and normal or mildly impaired function in multiple system atrophy, unlike the moderate to severe impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Keywords

Parkinson’s disease, olfactory disturbances, anosmia, neurodegeneration

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/orl.v11i2.6871

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