Quality of life (QOL) is recognised as an important concept to better understand the distress of living with epilepsy. As it is a multidimensional construct it can be influenced by many and different factors including sociodemografic, disease-specific and psychosocial ones.
AIM AND METHOD: We assessed the influence of comorbid depressive disorder, some sociodemografic and seizure-related variables on QOL of people with epilepsy (PWE). The sample included 106 adult patients with idiopathic epilepsy (41 males and 65 females). All subjects underwent clinical psychiatric examination, including evaluation on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) and completed Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31). Seizure severity was measured by Seizure Severity Questionnaire (SSQ). A questionnaire for demographic and seizure-related variables was also completed. Comorbid depressive disorder was diagnosed according to ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for affective and delusional disorders and ILAE classification for epilepsies and epileptic syndromes was used. Statistical analysis included correlation analysis, t-tests and multivariation analysis.
RESULTS: Employment, education and age, seizure frequency and seizure severity were associated with QOL scores. Comorbid depressive disorder was associated with QOL scores accounting for 32% of the variance in QOLIE-31 overall score and was a strong predictor for the variance in overall QOL, emotional well-being, energy/fatigue and cognitive functioning scores. Seizure severity influenced most the variance in seizure-worry score. Seizure frequency accounted most for social functioning and medication effects scores. Gender, marital status, seizure type, age at seizure onset, duration of seizures and antiepileptic medication intake had no significant association with QOLIE-31scores in this study.
CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors determine QOL of PWE. Detection and treatment of comorbid depressive disorder, being the most frequent psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy, is a challenge for improving the QOL these patients and future research should give priority to this issue.
Alanis-Guevara, I., E. Pena, T. Corona, T. Lopez-Ayala, E. Lopez-Meza, M. Lopez-Gomez. Sleep disturbancies, socioeconomic status, and seizure control as main predictors of quality of life in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2005;7, 481-485.
Baker, G., Jacoby, A. Health-related quality of life of adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2002;3:560-1.
Boylan, L., L. Flint, D. Labovitz, S. Jackson, K. Starner, O. Devinsky. Depression but not seizure frequency predicts quality of life in treatment-re-sistant epilepsy. Neurology, 62, 2004, 258-261.
Choi-Kwon, S., C. Chung, H. Kim, S. Lee, S. Yoon, H. Kho, J. Oh, S. Lee. Factors affecting the quality of life in patients with epilepsy in Seoul, South Korea. Acta Neurol Scand, 2003, 108, 428-434.
Cramer, J., K. Perrine, O. Devinsky, L. Bryant-Comstock, K. Meador, B. Hermann. Development and Cross-Cultural Translations of a 31-Item Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory. Epilepsia, 39, 1998, 1, 81-88.
Cramer, J., Baker, G., Jacoby, A. Development of a new seizure severity questionnaire: initial reliability and validity testing. Epilepsy Res, 48, 2002, 187-197.
Cramer, J., M. Blum, M. Reed, K. Fanning. Epilepsy Impact Project. The influence of comorbid depression on quality of life for people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2003,4:515-521.
Cramer, J. M. Blum, M. Reed, K. Fanning. Epilepsy Impact Project. The influence of comorbid depression on seizure severity. Epilepsia, 44, 2003, 1578-1584.
Djibuti, M., Shakarishvilli, R. Influence of clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic variables on quality of life in patients with epilepsy: findings from Georgian study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 74, 2003, 570-573.
Hamilton, M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 23, 1960, 56-62.
Johnson, E., J. Jones, M. Seidenberg, B. Hermann. The relative impact of anxiety, depression, and clinical seizure features on health-related quality of life in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 45, 2004, 5, 544-550.
Loring, D., Meador, K., Lee, G. Determinants of quality of life in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2004;5, 976-980.
Senol, V., F. Soyuer, F. Arman, A. Ozturk. Influence of fatigue, depression, and demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables on quality of life of patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 10, 2007, 1, 96-104.
Strine, T., R. Kobau, D. Chapman, L. Balluz. Psychological distress, co-morbidities, and health behaviors among U.S. adults with seizures: Results from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Epilepsia, 46, 2005, 7, 1133-1139
Tlusta, E., J. Zarubova, J. Simko, H. Hojdikova, S. Salek, J. Vlcek. Clinical and demographic characteristics predicting quality of life in patients with epilepsy in the Czech republic: How this can influence practice? Seizure, 2008, Jul.19. E-published.
Viteva, E., Zahariev, Z. Depressivity, anxiety and quality of life in patients with refractory epilepsy. Folia Medica, 51, 2009, 1.
Zeber, J., L. Copeland, M. Amuan, J. Cramer, M. P ugh. The role of comorbid psychiatric conditions in health status in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 10, 2007, 539-546.