Balch, G. C., A. De Meo, J. G. Guillem. Modern
management of rectal cancer: a 2006 update.-
World J. Gastroenterol., 12, 2006, No 20, 3186-3195.
Balev, B., V. Stoinova. MRI scan.- In: Behaviour
in cases of colorectal and anal cancer. National
guidelines for clinical practice. Varna, MORE 2011
(in Bulgarian).
Batignani, G., I. Monaci, F. Ficari, F. Tonelli. What
affects continence after anterior resection of the
rectum?- Dis. Colon Rectum, 34, 1991, 329-335.
Benoist, S. Y. Panis, E. Boleslawski, P. Hautefeuille,
P. Valleur. Functional outcome after coloanal
versus low colorectal anastomosis for rectal
carcinoma.- J. Am. Coll. Surg., 185, 1997, No 2,
-127.
Brown, C. J., D. S. Fenech, R. S. McLeod.
Reconstructive techniques after rectal resection
for rectal cancer.- Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2,
Apr 16: CD006040.
Corder, A. P., N. D. Karanjia, J. D. Williams, R. J.
Heald. Flush aortic tie versus selective preservation
of the ascending left colic artery in low anterior
resection for rectal carcinoma.- Br. J. Surg., 79,
, 680-682.
Dehni, N., R. D. Schlegel, C. Cunningham, et al.
Influence of a defunctioning stoma on leakage
rates after low colorectal anastomosis and colonic
J pouch-anal anastomosis.- Br. J. Surg., 85, 1998,
-1117.
Delaney, C. P., V. W. Fazio. Anterior resection with
low anastomosis.- Operat. Techn. Gen. Surg., 5,
, No 4, 214-223.
Dimitrova, N., M. Vukov, Z. Valeriyanova. Cancer
incidence in Bulgaria, 2010. Vol. XX I. Sofia, Avis-
Publishing house Ltd., 2010 (in Bulgarian).
Enker, W. E., H. T. Thaler, M. L. Cranor, et al. Total
mesorectal excision in the operative treatment of
carcinoma of the rectum.- J. Am. Coll. Surg., 181,
, 335-346.
Fritsch, H. Development and organization of the
pelvic connective tissue in the human fetus.- Ann.
Anat., 175, 1993, 531-539.
Gillen, P., A. L. Peel. Comparison of the mortality,
morbidity and incidence of local recurrence in
patients with rectal cancer treated by either stapled
anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection.-
Br. J. Surg., 73, 1986, 339-341.
Glättli, A., J. P. Barras, U. Metzger. Is there still
a place for abdominoperineal resection of the
rectum?- Eur. J. Surg. Oncol., 21, 1995, No 1, 11-15.
Heald, R. J., E. M. Husband, R. D. Ryall. The
mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery - the clue to
pelvic recurrence?- Br. J. Surg., 69, 1982, 613-616.
Heald, R. J., B. J. Moran, R. D. Ryall, R. Sexton,
J. K. MacFarlane. Rectal cancer: the Basingstoke
experience of the total mesorectal excision, 1978-
- Arch. Surg., 133, 1998, 894-899.
Hida, J., M. Yasutomi, T. Maruyama, K. Fujimoto,
A. Nakajima, T. Uchida, et al. Indications for
colonic J-pouch reconstruction after anterior
resection for rectal cancer: determining the
optimum level of anastomosis.- Dis. Colon Rectum,
, 1998, 558-563.
Ho, Y. H. Techniques for restoring bowel continuity
and function after rectal cancer surgery.- World J.
Gastroenterol., 12, 2006, No 39, 6252-6260.
Jestin, P., L. Pahlman, U. Gunnarsson. Risk factors
for anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery:
a case-control study.- Colorectal Dis., 10, 2008,
-721.
Kashiwagi, H., F. Konishi, K. Furuta, M. Okada,
Y. Saito, K. Kanazawa. Tissue blood flow of the
sigmoid colon for safe anastomosis following
ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery.- Nippon
Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 95, 1994, 504-511 (in
Japanese).
Kim, C. K., S. H. Kim. Comparison between 3-T
magnetic resonance imaging and multi-detector
row computed tomography for the preoperative
evaluation of rectal cancer.- J. Comput. Assist.
Tomogr., 31, 2007, No 6, 853-859.
Lange, M. M., M. Buunen, C. van de Velde, J. F.
Lange. Level of arterial ligation in rectal cancer
surgery: low tie preferred over high tie. A review.-
Dis. Colon Rectum, 51, 2008, No 7, 1139-1145.
Law, W. L., K. W. Chu. Anterior resection for rectal
cancer with mesorectal excision. A prospective
evaluation of 622 patients.- Ann. Surg., 240, 2004,
-268.
Lazorthes, F., P. Fages, P. Chiotasso, J. Lemozy, E.
Bloom. Resection of the rectum with construction
of a colonic reservoir and coloanal anastomosis
for carcinoma of the rectum.- Br. J. Surg., 73, 1986,
-138.
Lazorthes, F., R. Gamagami, P. Chiotasso, et al.
Prospective, randomized study comparing clinical
results between small and large colonic J-pouch
following coloanal anastomosis.- Dis. Colon
Rectum, 40, 1997, 1409-1413.
Lowry, A. C., C. L. Simmang, P. Boulos, et al.
Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal
physiology and rectal cancer: report of the
tripartite Consensus conference on definitions
for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer,
Washington, D.C., May 1, 1999.- Dis. Colon
Rectum, 44, 2001, 915-919.
Maingot`s abdominal surgery. 11th ed. Chapter 25.
Cancer of the rectum. The McGraw-Hill Comp.,
McNamara, D. A., R. Parc. Methods and results
of sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer.-
Cancer Control, 10, 2003, No 3, 212-218.
MERCURY Study Group. Diagnostic accuracy
of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in
predicting curative resection of rectal cancer:
prospective observational study.- Br. Med. J., 333,
, No 7572, p. 779.
Miles, W. E. A method of performing abdominoperitoneal
excision for carcinoma of the rectum
and of the terminal portion of the pelvic colon.-
Lancet, 2, 1908, 1812-1813.
Monson, J. R. T., et al. Practice parameters for the
management of rectal cancer (revised).- Dis. Colon
Rectum, 56, 2013, 535-550.
Nam, K. K. Anatomic basis of sharp pelvic
resection of rectal cancer.- Yonsei Med. J., 46, 2005,
No 6, 737-749.
Nesbakken, A., K. Nygaard, O. C. Lunde, J.
Blucher, Ø. Gjertsen, R. Dullerud. Anastomotic
leak following mesorectal excision for rectal
cancer: true incidence and diagnostic challenges.-
Colorectal Dis., 7, 2005, 576-581.
Neter, F., R. B. Trelease. Netter`s surgical anatomy.
Parks, A. G. Transanal technique in low rectal
anastomosis.- Proc. R. Soc. Med., 65, 1972, 975-976.
Paty, P. B., W. E. Enker, A. M. Cohen, G. Y.
Lauwers. Treatment of rectal cancer by low anterior
resection with coloanal anastomosis.- Ann. Surg.,
, 1994, No 4, 365-373.
Pezim, M. E., R. J. Nicholls. Survival after high or
low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery during
curative surgery for rectal cancer.- Ann. Surg., 200,
, No 6, 729-733.
Poon, R. T., K. W. Chu, J. W. Ho. Prospective
evaluation of selective defunctioning stoma for low
anterior resection with total mesorectal excision.-
World J. Surg., 23, 1999, 463-467.
Richardson, D. P., G. A. Porter, P. M. Johnson.
Population-based use of sphincter-rreserving
surgery in patients with rectal cancer: Is there room
for improvement?- Dis. Colon Rectum, 56, 2013, No
, 704-710.
Sakorafas, G. H., E. Zouros, G. Peros. Applied
vascular anatomy of the colon and rectum: clinical
implications for the surgical oncologist.- Surg.
Oncol., 15, 2006, 243-255.
Schiessel, R., J. Karner-Hanusch, F. Herbst, B.
Teleky, M. Wunderlich. Intersphincteric resection
for low rectal tumours.- Br. J. Surg., 81, 1994,
-1378.
Schiessel, R., G. Novi, B. Holzer, H. R. Rosen, K.
Renner, N. Hölbling, et al. Technique and longterm
results of intersphincteric resection for low
rectal cancer.- Dis. Colon Rectum, 48, 2005, No 10,
-1867.
Scott, N., P. Jackson, T. al-Jaberi, M. F. Dixon, P.
Quirke, P. J. Finan. Total mesorectal excision and
local recurrence: a study of tumour spread in the
mesorectum distal to rectal cancer.- Br. J. Surg., 82,
, 1031-1033.
Shirouzu, K., H. lsomofo, T. Kakegawa. Distal
spread of rectal cancer and optimal distal margin
of resection for sphincter-preserving surgery.-
Cancer, 76, 1995, No 3, 388-392.
Soave, F. A new surgical technique for treatment
of Hirschsprung`s disease.- Surgery, 56, 1964,
-1014.
Tankova, L., K. Ivanov. Endorectal ultrasound.- In:
Behaviour in cases of colorectal and anal cancer.
National guidelines for clinical practice. Varna,
MORE 2011 (in Bulgarian).
Williams, N. S., M. F. Dixon, D. Johnston.
Reappraisal of the 5 centimeter rule of distal
excision for carcinoma of the rectum: a study of
distal intramural spread and of patients` survival.-
Br. J. Surg., 70, 1983, 150-154.
Williams, N. S., P. Durdey, D. Johnston. The
outcome following sphincter-saving resection and
abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer.-
Br. J. Surg., 72, 1985, 595-598.
Yeatman, T. J., K. I. Bland. Sphincter-saving
procedures for distal carcinoma of the rectum.-
Ann. Surg., 209, 1989, No 1, 1-18.