Andreola, S., E. Léo, F. Belli, et al. Adenocarcinoma
of the lower third of the rectum surgically treated
with a <10-mm distal clearance: preliminary
results in 35 N0 patients.- Ann. Surg. Oncol., 8,
, 611-615.
Birbeck, K. F., C. P. Macklin, N. Tiffin, et al. Rates
of circumferential resection margin involvement
vary between surgeons and predict outcomes
in rectal cancer surgery.- Ann. Surg., 235, 2002,
-457.
Bretagnol, F., E. Rullier, C. Laurent, et al.
Comparison of functional results and quality
of life between intersphincteric resection and
conventional coloanal anastomosis for low rectal
cancer.- Dis. Colon Rectum, 47, 2004, 832-838.
Fenner, D. E., J. S. Kriegshauser, H. H. Lee, et al.
Anatomic and physiologic measurements of the
internal and external anal sphincters in normal
females.- Obstet. Gynecol., 91, 1998, 369-374.
Gamagami, R., G. Istvan, P. Cabarrot, et al. Fecal
continence following partial resection of the anal
canal in distal rectal cancer: long-term results after
coloanal anastomoses.- Surgery, 127, 2000, 291-295.
Goldberg, P. A., R. J. Nicholls. Prediction of local
recurrence and survival of carcinoma of the rectum
by surgical and histopathological assessment of
local clearance.- Br. J. Surg., 82, 1995, 1054-1056.
Goligher, J. C., C. E. Dukes, H. J. R. Bussey. Local
recurrence after sphincter saving excisions for
carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid.- Br. J.
Surg., 39, 1951, p. 199.
Heald, R. J., B. J. Moran, R. D. Ryall, et al. Rectal
cancer: the Basingstoke experience of total
mesorectal excision, 1978-1997.- Arch. Surg., 133,
, 894-899.
Köhler, A., S. Athanasiadis, A. Ommer, et al.
Long term results of low anterior resection with
intersphincteric anastomosis in carcinoma of
the lower one-third of the rectum: analysis of 31
patients.- Dis. Colon Rectum, 43, 2000, 843-850.
Law, W. L., K. W. Chu. Impact of total mesorectal
excision on the results of surgery of distal rectal
cancer.- Br. J. Surg., 88, 2001, 1607-1612.
Localio, S. A., K. Eng. Sphincter-saving operations
for cancer of the rectum.- New Engl. J. Med., 300,
, 1028-1030.
Marijnen, C. A., I. D. Nagtegaal, E. Kapiteijn, et
al. Radiotherapy does not compensate for positive
resection margins in rectal cancer patients: report
of a multicenter randomized trial.- Int. J. Radiat.
Oncol. Biol. Phys., 55, 2003, 1311-1320.
Nicholls, R. J., C. Hall. Treatment of nondisseminated
cancer of the lower rectum.- Br. J.
Surg., 83, 1996, 15-18.
Nivatvongs, S., H. S. Stern, D. S. Fryd. The length
of the anal canal.- Dis. Colon Rectum, 24, 1982,
-601.
Pollett, W. G., R. J. Nicholls. The relationship
between the extent of distal clearance and survival
and local recurrence rates after curative anterior
resection for carcinoma of the rectum.- Ann. Surg.,
, 1983, 159-163.
Quirke, P., P. Durdey, M. F. Dixon, et al. Local
recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to
inadequate surgical resection.- Lancet, 1, 1986, No
, 996-999.
Rouanet, P., J. M. Fabre, J. B. Dubois, et al.
Conservative surgery for low rectal carcinoma after
high-dose radiation. Functional and oncologic
results.- Ann. Surg., 221, 1995, 67-73.
Rullier, E., F. Zerbib, C. Laurent, et al.
Intersphincteric resection with excision of internal
anal sphincter for conservative treatment of very
low rectal cancer.- Dis. Colon Rectum, 42, 1999,
-1175.
Rullier, E., B. Goffre, C. Bonnel, et al. Preoperative
radiochemotherapy and sphincter-saving resection
for T3 carcinomas of the lower third of the rectum.-
Ann. Surg., 234, 2001, 633-640.
Schiessel, R., J. Karner-Hanusch, F. Herbst, et al.
Intersphincteric resection for low rectal tumours.-
Br. J. Surg., 81, 1994, 1376-1378.
Teramoto, T., M. Watanabe, M. Kitajima. Per
anum intersphincteric rectal dissection with direct
coloanal anastomosis for lower rectal cancer: the
ultimate sphincter-preserving operation.- Dis.
Colon Rectum, 40, 1997, Suppl., S43-S47.
Tytherleigh, M. G., N. J. McC Mortensen. Options
for sphincter preservation in surgery for low rectal
cancer.- Br. J. Surg., 90, 2003, 922-933.
Wagman, R., B. D. Minsky, A. M. Cohen, et al.
Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer with
preoperative radiation therapy and coloanal
anastomosis: long term follow-up.- Int. J. Radiat.
Oncol. Biol. Phys., 42, 1998, 51-57.
Williams, N. S., M. F. Dixon, D. Johnston.
Reappraisal of the 5 centimetre rule of distal
excision for carcinoma of the rectum: a study of
distal intramural spread and of patients survival.-
Br. J. Surg., 70, 1983, 150-154.
Email this article (Login required) 
