Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) are microalgae with significant bioactive potential, showing promising therapeutic effects in dental medicine. These microalgae are rich in bioactive compounds, including pigments, polysaccharides, and protein complexes, which actively participate in modulating inflammatory processes, enhancing antioxidant defences, and maintaining the microbial balance in the oral cavity. Spirulina extracts exhibit potent antibacterial properties that inhibit the adhesion and biofilm formation of key cariogenic and periodontal pathogenic bacteria, thereby potentially reducing the incidence of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The high content of phycocyanins in spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) further contributes to the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, mitigating tissue destruction in chronic gingivitis and periodontitis. Additionally, the light-absorbing pigments of spirulina enable its application as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy, offering a novel approach to the disinfection of periodontal pockets and endodontic treatment. Spirulina-based formulations, such as toothpastes and mouthwashes, support oral health by stabilizing the local microbiome and reducing inflammation. In contrast, chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) compounds have shown the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic yeasts and opportunistic bacteria, particularly in conditions such as oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis. The polysaccharides of chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) promote mucosal healing, accelerating the repair of oral tissue after surgical interventions and improving epithelialization of ulcerative lesions. Chlorella's ability to bind heavy metals, especially mercury, is useful in mitigating the risks associated with dental amalgam exposure. By activating local immune responses and reducing oxidative damage, chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) contributes to the maintenance of periodontal health. These findings support the potential of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) as effective adjuncts in the management of oral diseases, highlighting their therapeutic relevance in modern dental care.
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