Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition defined by the progressive loss of renal function and damaging, in the course of months or years. Its rising incidence on a global scale compels doctors of dental medicine to be aware of the oral manifestations and symptoms affecting the soft and hard dental tissues, which are related to the underlying condition or its treatment. The objective of this review is to look into the oral changes affecting some of the patients with terminal kidney failure receiving chronic dialysis treatment.
Davey RX. Chronic kidney disease and automatic reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Med J Aust. 2006;184(1):42-43.
KDOQI, Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative, Clinical Practice Guidelinne for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis.2002; 39, S1-S266.
Levey AS, de Jong PE, Coresh J et al. The definition, classification and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: a KDIGO Controversies Conference report. Kidney Int. 2011;80(1):17-28.
Corrao AM , Lisi G, Di Pasqua G , et al. Serum cystatin C as a reliable marker of changes in glomerular filtration rate in children with urinary tract malformations. J Urol. 2006;175(1):303-309.
Levin A, Hemmelgarn B, Culleton B, et al. Guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease. CMAJ. 2008; 179(11): 1154–1162.
Stevens LA, Levey AS. Chronic kidney disease in the elderly--how to assess risk. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(20):2122-2124.
Bauer C, Melamed ML, Hostetter TH. Staging of chronic kidney disease: time for a course correction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 ;19(5):844-846.
Mathew T, Johnson D, Jones G. Chronic kidney disease and automatic reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate: revised recommendations. Med J Aust. 2007; 459-463.
McAlister FA , Ezekowitz J, Tonelli M , at al. Renal insufficiency and heart failure: prognostic and therapeutic implications from a prospective cohort study. Circulation. 2004;109(8):1004-1009.
Chi AC , Neville BW, Krayer JW et al. Oral manifestations of systemic disease. Am Fam Physician. 2010 ;82(11):1381-1388.
Денчева М, Киселова A. Продължително хемодиализно лечение и влиянието върху оралното здраве.С.,Проблеми на денталната медицина, 2009, том XXXV, част II,59-65.
Block GA, Martin KJ, de Francisco AL et al. Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2004 ;350(15):1516-1525.
Dencheva M, Krasteva A, Gueorgieva T, et al. Oral findings in patients with replaced renal function-a pilot study. J of IMAB. 2010; 16(4):54-57.
Валерьевна Е . Состояние полости рта у больных с терминальной стадией хронической почечной недостаточности, находящихся на диализной терапии тема диссертации и автореферата по ВАК 2009/ 14.00.21, кандидат медицинских наук Ящук
De Rossi SS, Glick M. Dental considerations for the patient with renal disease receiving hemodialysis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996; 127(2):211-219.
Asaumi J, Aiga H, Hisatomi M, et al. Advanced imaging in renal osteodystrophy of the oral and maxillofacial region. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 2001;30(1):59-62.
Triantafillidou K , Zouloumis L, Karakinaris G, et al. Brown tumors of the jaws associated with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. A clinical study and review of the literature. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006 ;27(4):281-286.
Ganibegović M . Dental radiographic changes in chronic renal disease. Med Arh. 2000;54(2):115-118.
Lima RB, Benini V, Sens YA. Gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients: a study concerning prevalence, severity, periodontal, and predisposing factors. Transplant Proc.2008; 40(5):1425-1428.
Vigneswaran N. Oral and maxillofacial pathology case of the month. Renal-osteodystrophy induced macrognathia. Texas dental journal 2001; 118(7):570-1, 582-583.
Томов Г, Джераси Р, Бенйозеф Д. Системни и орални изяви при пациенти с хронична бъбречна недостатъчност от значение за денталната медицина. Дентамедика, 2015; брой 11, 8-9.
Tzamaloukas AH . Diagnosis and management of bone disorders in chronic renal failure and dialyzed patients. Med Clin North Am. 1990 ;74(4):961-974.
Marti Alamo S, Gavalda Esteve C, Sarrión Pérez MG. Dental considerations for the patient with renal disease. J Clin Exp Dent.2011; 3(2):e112-e119.
Dong BJ . Cinacalcet: An oral calcimimetic agent for the management of hyperparathyroidism. Clin Ther. 2005 ;27(11):1725-1751.
Souza CM, Braosi A, Luczyszyn S, et al. Oral health in Brazilian patients with chronic renal disease. Rev Méd Chile 2008; 136: 741-746.
Ferguson CA , Whyman RA. Dental management of people with renal disease and renal transplants. N Z Dent J. 1998 ;94(417):125-130.
Sobrado MJS, Tomás CI, Loureiro A et al. Oral health status in patients with moderate-severe and terminal renal failure. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007 ;12(4):E305-10.
Email this article (Login required) 
