The aim of this literature data review was to investigate the influence of the bone density, bone volume, cortical bone thickness and the anatomical area on the primary stability of dental implants. Understanding the effect of the bone quality could help us predict the primary stability and prevent to some extent the poor implant stability by choosing implants of different design, diameter, length or surface modification.
Considering the reviewed articles, we have concluded that inserting implants in dense bone of higher quality with thick cortical portion, as well as implant placement in lower jaw could lead to higher primary stability of those implants. To enhance the primary stability in bone of poor quality we suggest the use of implants with such characteristics of the design or dimensions, which are proven to influence the primary stability of the implant in a positive way.
Misch CE. Bone character: second vital implant criterion, Dent Today. 1988; 7:39-40.
Lekholm U, Zarb GA. In: Branemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, editors. Patient selection and preparation. Tissue integrated prostheses: osseointegra tion in clinical dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Company; 1985. pp. 199-209.
Merheb J, Van Assche N, Coucke W, Jacobs R, Naert I, Quirynen M. Relationship between cortical bone thickness or computerized tomography-derived bone density values and implant stability. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2010; 21(6): 612-617. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01880.x
Barikani H, Rashtak S, Akbari S, Badri S, Daneshparvar N, Rokn A. The effect of implant length and diameter on the primary stability in different bone types. J Dent (Tehran). 2013;10(5):449-55.
Munjal S, Munjal S, Hazari P, Mahajan H, Munjal A, Mehta DS. Evaluation of specifically designed implants placed in the low-density jaw bones: A clinico-radiographical study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(1):40-3. doi: 10.4103/0976-237X.149290
Ahmad OK, Kelly JR. Assessment of the primary stability of dental implants in artificial bone using resonance frequency and percussion analyses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013;28(1):89-95. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2554
Degidi M, Daprile G, Piattelli A. Primary stability determination by means of insertion torque and RFA in a sample of 4,135 implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(4):501-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00302.x
Pommer B, Hof M, Fädler A, Gahleitner A, Watzek G, Watzak G. Primary implant stability in the atrophic sinus floor of human cadaver maxillae: impact of residual ridge height, bone density, and implant diameter. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(2):109- 13. doi: 10.1111/clr.12071
Javed F, Ahmed HB, Crespi R, Romanos GE. Role of primary stability for successful osseointegration of dental implants: Factors of influence and evaluation. Interv Med Appl Sci. 2013;5(4):162-7. doi: 10.1556/IMAS.5.2013.4.3
Javed F, Romanos GE. The role of primary stability for successful immediate loading of dental implants. A literature review. J Dent. 2010;38(8):612- 20. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.013
Marquezan M, Osório A, Sant`Anna E, Souza MM, Maia L. Does bone mineral density influence the primary stability of dental implants? A systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(7):767-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02228.x
Merheb J, Temmerman A, Rasmusson L, Kübler A, Thor A, Quirynen M. Influence of Skeletal and Local Bone Density on Dental Implant Stability in Patients with Osteoporosis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016;18(2):253-60. doi: 10.1111/cid.12290
Bayarchimeg D, Namgoong H, Kim BK, Kim MD, Kim S, Kim TI, et al. Evaluation of the correlation between insertion torque and primary stability of dental implants using a block bone test. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2013;43(1):30-6. doi: 10.5051/ jpis.2013.43.1.30
Hsu JT, Huang HL, Chang CH, Tsai MT, Hung WC, Fuh LJ. Relationship of three-dimensional bone-to-implant contact to primary implant stability and peri-implant bone strain in immediate loading: microcomputed tomographic and in vitro analyses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013;28(2):367-74. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2407
Miyamoto I, Tsuboi Y, Wada E, Suwa H, Iizuka T. Influence of cortical bone thickness and implant length on implant stability at the time of surgery- -clinical, prospective, biomechanical, and imaging study. Bone. 2005;37(6):776-80. doi: 10.1016/j. bone.2005.06.019
Hsu JT, Fuh LJ, Tu MG, Li YF, Chen KT, Huang HL. The effects of cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone strength on noninvasive measures of the implant primary stability using synthetic bone models. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;15(2):251-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2011.00349.x
Wang TM, Lee MS, Wang JS, Lin LD. The effect of implant design and bone quality on insertion torque, resonance frequency analysis, and insertion energy during implant placement in low or low- to medium-density bone. Int J Prosthodont. 2015;28(1):40-7. doi: 10.11607/ijp.4063
Hong J, Lim YJ, Park SO. Quantitative biomechanical analysis of the influence of the cortical bone and implant length on primary stability. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(10):1193-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02285.x
Han HC, Lim HC, Hong JY, Ahn SJ, Han JY, Shin SI, et al. Primary implant stability in a bone model simulating clinical situations for the posterior maxilla: an in vitro study. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2016;46(4):254-65. doi: 10.5051/ jpis.2016.46.4.254
Heidari B, Khalesi M, Khodadoustan A, Kadkhodazadeh M. The influence of cortical width of sheep bone on the primary stability of dental implants: an in vitro study. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2013;23(1):87-91. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2013006893
Jaffin RA, Berman CL.The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: a 5-year analysis. J Periodontol. 1991;62(1):2-4. doi: 10.1902/ jop.1991.62.1.2
Salonen MA, Oikarinen K, Virtanen K, Pernu H. Failures in the osseointegration of endosseous implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993;8(1):92-7.
Friberg B, Sennerby L, Linden B, Gröndahl K, Lekholm U. Stability measurements of one-stage BrÃ¥nemark implants during healing in mandibles. A clinical resonance frequency analysis study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;28(4): 266-272. doi: 10.1016/S0901-5027(99)80156-8
Samiotis A, Batniji M, Gallardo-Lopez L, Steveling H. Clinical Monitoring with Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) of Astra Implants. Int Poster J Dent Oral Med. 2003; 5 (4), Poster 203.
Ostman PO, Hellman M, Wendelhag I, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency analysis measurements of implants at placement surgery. Int J Prosthodont. 2006;19(1):77-83.
Horwitz J, Zuabi O, Peled M. Resonance frequency analysis in immediate loading of dental implants. Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim. 2003;20(3):80-8, 104.
Monje A, Suarez F, Garaicoa CA, Monje F, Galindo-Moreno P, GarcÃa-Nogales A, Wang HL. Effect of location on primary stability and healing of dental implants. Implant Dent. 2014;23(1):69-73. doi: 10.1097/ID.0000000000000019
Seong WJ, Holte JE, Holtan JR, Olin PS, Hodges JS, Ko CC. Initial stability measurement of dental implants placed in different anatomical regions of fresh human cadaver jawbone. J Prosthet Dent. 2008;99(6):425-34. doi: 10.1016/ S0022-3913(08)60103-1
Email this article (Login required) 
