INTRODUCTION:
The reconstruction of bone defects, caused by traumas, tumors, infections, and genetic disorders, is a major problem in orthopedic surgery, maxillofacial and oral surgery, plastic surgery, dental implantology, otorhinolaryngology, etc. Although autogenous bone grafts are still regarded as the gold standard in bone reconstructive surgery, alloplastic materials are more commonly applied due to their accessibility. Recently, the utilization of carbonate apatite as a bone substitute has been a matter of interest for researchers in the field, and its physical and biological properties are currently being tested and evaluated.
AIM:
The present review aims to evaluate the application of carbonate apatite as a bone substitute concerning its fabrication, physical properties, and biological behavior.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An electronic search using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect was conducted up to November 2022. The article summarizes the current knowledge on the application of carbonate apatite as a bone substitute material, identifies the research gaps in the existing literature, and gives some recommendations for further assessments.
RESULTS:
We could assume that the mechanical and biological properties of carbonate apatite depend on the method of its fabrication and recommend further long-term research and evaluation to optimize the synthesis protocols and, thus, the qualities of the material.
CONCLUSION:
It has been suggested that carbonate material has the potential to replace autologous bone grafts in bone reconstruction. The material has excellent biocompatibility, resorbability, and osteoconductive capacity, and could be regarded as a promising bone substitute material.
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