INTRODUCTION: Ischaemic stroke (IS) is a complex neurological disorder involving multifactorial molecular and cellular responses that lead to neuronal damage and functional deficits. Despite progress in diagnostics and treatment, supplementary neuroprotective approaches and sufficiently informative biomarkers to assess therapeutic outcomes remain a challenge for scientists and clinicians. Citicoline (cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine) has gained attention as a multiple-action agent with membrane-stabilising, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroregenerative effects.
AIM: This review aims to provide a comprehensive integration of available data on citicoline supplementation in IS patients, as well as molecular biomarkers associated with therapeutic response.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate using predefined keywords related to citicoline, ischaemic stroke, neuroprotection, and molecular biomarkers.
RESULTS: The review summarises evidence regarding biomarkers associated with citicoline responsiveness, including SIRT1, BDNF, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), cardiolipin, arachidonic acid, 8-isoprostaglandin F2α, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and their relevance to monitoring therapeutic outcomes
CONCLUSION: The integration of citicoline-therapy-sensitive biomarkers can be considered reliable within the framework of precision medicine.
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