Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic spiral-shaped bacterium inhabiting the stomach, most commonly the antrum. It produces a large number of enzymes, low molecular chemotactic proteins and cytotoxins that have a dystrophic, inflammatory and ulcerogenic effect on the gastric epithelium in about 58 percent of the adult population in the world. The aim would be to analyse the distribution and role of Helicobacter Pylori infection in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and its strong correlation with inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the stomach.
Materials and methods: The retrospective analysis has been made from the clinical information of 15 patients. They were all admitted for diagnostic purposes in the Gastro Diagnostic Department of University Multi-Profile Hospital for Active Treatment `Dr. Georgi Stranski`- Pleven. In all of the above-mentioned cases acute upper GI complaint was leading symptom. An invasive method was used - fibrogastroscopy with target biopsy from the corpus and antrum of the stomach. A subsequent histological examination was performed by routine and histochemical method (Hematoxylin and eosin- H&E and Giemsa).
Results: 15 patients between 30 and 60 years of age are included. In 10 of them the endoscopic data for atrophic gastritis was available. There are also 4 cases diagnosed with gastric ulcer and 1 with erythematous-exudative gastritis. Helicobacter Pylori infection was detected through the semi-quantifiable Chan scale. The results are as follows: 10 patients being Helicobacter Pylori third degree, 3 being second degree and the other 2-first degree. In 13 of them, eradication of Helicobacter Pylori with triple combination of proton pump inhibitors and two antibiotics was performed.
Conclusion: The Helicobacter Pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of developing atrophic gastritis and ulcerative disease. The most appropriate diagnostic method is invasive fibrogastroscopic examination with target biopsy and histological verification because it is highly sensitive.
