During the process of new drug development, most candidate compounds that demonstrate activity against a drug target in the early stages fail to reach the market as approved medicinal products. In this context, the application of pharmacogenomics (PGx) has expanded in recent years, extending into the field of drug discovery and development. Depending on the nature of the investigational drug, different genetic variants may cause toxicity or therapeutic failure during clinical trials. Pharmacogenomics can be used to identify these genetic factors. PGx plays a key role at every stage of the development process and throughout the regulatory pathway. Currently, pharmacogenomic approaches are used worldwide, particularly for the assessment of drug safety profiles. The gradual integration of PGx studies into drug discovery and development is expected to significantly reduce research and development costs, improve the risk–benefit ratio of investigational drugs, and decrease the rate of clinical trial failures.
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